The Giver :: essays research papers

The book The Giver by Louis Lowry is a very interesting book that everyone should take time to read. This book takes you through a companionship of people where everything has to be perfect. The story line is based around a boy named Jonas. Everyone in the community is assigned a job when they turn 12 and its Jonas turn to step up and get his job. This book is interesting because everything has to be perfect, Jonas gets the best job, and the adventure Jonas has to go through to save a new born(p) child named Gabriel.In the book everyone and everything has to be perfect. If someone made a mistake they bring shame to there family and are released or kicked out of the community. genius pilot had read his coordinates wrong and flew over the part f the community he wasnt supposed to. The author states, Needless To Say, He Will Be Released, (2) This shows how strict the community was.Later on it the book Jonas receives his job as The Receiver of Memory. Since the community is perfect they never feel pain, pleasure, or can confab any colors. Jonas job allows him to do all of the above and more. He must also keep the memories of the past. The author states, Such a selection is very, very rare, (60) which shows that acquire that job is the communitys most honored position.Jonas after feeling the pain of death does not want Gabriel to die so he runs of with him. Jonas last can see colors and knows what snow is and stuff like that. When he and Gabriel leave the community they are being searched by planed that detect body heat. To land there body temperatures he used his memories of snow to cool them down. The author states, Together they became cold and when the planes were gone, they would shiver, holding each other, until sleep came again.

An Introduction To Expert Systems Essay examples -- Technology Compute

An Insight into safe SystemsAbstractTo improve speed of operations, programming practices for practical purposes are moving onward from the data centric, procedural problem solving paradigm to a heuristic, declarative problem solving paradigm. Though theoretically there is no guarantee that a solution shall be found and even if it is found, that it be correct, practically it has been proven that expert systems employing , heuristics are indeed a faster and more(prenominal) effective demeanor of problem solving , with an added advantage of having an explanation for the answer arrived at. Having started out as a diagnostic tool, it has now found acceptance all over, be it Manufacturing Firms or IT Solution Providers and is definitely here to stay. Its dependence on Artificial erudition furthermore proves its capabilities to branch out to more areas of deployment. With the advent of commercial-off-the-shelf expert system organic evolution tools making the process of designing an e xpert system a simple task, now the real challenge lies with the experts to be able to put these their knowledge and expertise in their domain to effective use to create systems which can be put to use effectively.Expert Systems are a branch of Artificial erudition that makes an extensive use of specialized knowledge to solve problems at the level of a human expert. AIs scientific goal is to understand intelligence by expression computer programs that exhibit intelligent behavior.The term intelligence covers many cognitive skills, including the ability to solve problems, learn, and understand language AI addresses all of those. But nearly progress to date in AI has been made in the area of problem solving -- concepts and methods for building programs that reas... ...tive. The IFE may also use a compartmentalization of techniques, particularly when carrying out the dialogue with the user to produce the specification of the users problem. Research has flattened out when compare d to the days of its inception as a practice, as more efforts have been employed in tapping its commercial value. To maximize this, other systems such as database and fuzzy logic systems are being embedded into expert systems.DrawbacksExpert systems are said to have a narrow domain and limited focus. Also they do not have a learning ability which is something AI systems are expected to. They require rigorous maintenance procedures and incur huge developmental costs.Bibliography1. Knowledge Based Systems in Japan (http//www.wtec.org/loyola/kb/)2. Databases and Artificial Intelligence 3 by Alison Cawsey (http//www.macs.hw.ac.uk/alison/ai3notes/)

Lincoln, Labor and Liberation Essay example -- United States History L

Lincoln, Labor and LiberationThe free labor ideology of the nineteenth century was grounded in the beliefs that Northern free labor was fantabulous to Southern slave labor. The key factor that made this system unique was the opportunity it offers wage earners to rise to property-owning independence. 1 It was this free labor ideology and non the republicanism of the revolutionary War era that caused slavery to be problematic by the time of the Civil War. This ideology was comprehensiveit had economic, social, moral, and political aspects. All facets of the theory fill to be explored in order to fully understand how and why slavery became such an important issue. Free labor became the center of the Republican ideology in 1852, with the foundation of the Republican Party. It was the result of the economically expanding, enterprising, and competitive society of the early nineteenth century. The word labor had slowly begun to take on new meaning. Previously, it meant lone(pre nominal) those who were involved in the production of goods. Society was strictly divided into two main groups, those who worked and those who profited from the work of others. By the 1840s, the wage-earning labor class was defined as the entire North. It was made up of those men who owned their own farms, worked their own soil, were educated, and most importantly, were independent. Free labor ideology drew few distinctions between classes. A laborer was a craftsman, a merchant, a small businessman, or a farmer. Northern society offered opportunities to all who sought them, and enabled most to achieve independence and property. Northerners believed this thriftiness would lead to a more equal distribution of wealth, rather than aid the development of a... ...onville, The Abolitionists, December 3, 200110 Foner, 11111 Foner, 23512 Richard D. Brown, Major Problems in the Era of the American Revolution, 1760-1791 (Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000), 409 13 Brown, 41014 Joseph J. Ellis, Founding Brothers the Revolutionary Generation (New York Alfred A. Knoph, Publisher, 2000) 15815 Kevin Tanner, Sectionalism 1850s, lecture given at Binghamton University December 5, 200116 Brown, 27417 Brown, 28118 Brown, 28219 Ellis, 8120 Ellis, 15821 McConville, Slavery From Rebellion to Revolution, November 5, 200122 McConville, From Jacksonian Democracy to Sectional Conflict, November 28, 200123 crowd M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom the Civil War Era (New York Ballantine Books, 1988), 2824 Foner, 309

Political Campaign: The Crusade Against Asian Americans Essay -- Econo

As most developed nations around the world gallop to be plunged into the economic crisis that began in 2008, whatever major country that continues to strive during the depression immediately becomes the attention of the citizens of affected countries. While major global powers began to suffer from a loss in foreign prominence, several foreign countries continued to experience economic growth. The countries that go through this growthsuch as Chinaeasily become despised by politicians and even became the targets of office candidates campaigns in the recent nation-wide elections. Although seemingly benevolent to the American public, the campaigns also indirectly create unfairness for the Asian AmericansChinese in contingentwho reside in the equality-based country. In this paper, I will show how political campaigns against China demonstrate sentiments and stereotypes against Asian Americans at work, and thus illuminate unfair treatments and variety against Asian Americans.Before exa mining how the negative characteristics of political campaigns against China negative characteristics and how they harmfully promote inequality against Asian American citizens, it is important to first understand the genius of the advertisements as well as their origins. As with most political elections, candidates of the 2010 elections attempt to debunk their opponents credibility by the use of propaganda and advertising campaigns. However, as the United States continue to lose its former prominence in the global economic market, desperate politicians who wish to address the loss of jobs within the country and the economic decline did so by baselessly citing the outsourcing of jobs to other countries, mainly China, as a problem, and argue t... ...ment To Restrict Outsourcing To Asian Countries. Retrieved on November 28, 2010 from Thaindian News http//www.thaindian.com.Chen, D. W. (2010). China Emerges as a Scapegoat in Campaign Ads. Retrieved on November 25, 2010 from The New Yo rk Times http//www.nytimes.com.Kuo, K. (n.d.). Early Images of Asians in the U.S. PowerPoint slides. Retrieved on November 27, 2010 from the Arizona State University website http//www.asu.edu.Sue, D. W., Bucceri, J., Lin, A. I., Nadal, K. L.,& Torino, G. C. (2007). Racial Microaggressions and the Asian American Experience. Cultural Diversity and ethnical Minority Psychology, 13(1), 72-81. Retrieved on November 27, 2010 from the Arizona State University website http//www.asu.edu.Timmons, H. (2010). Outsourcing to India Draws Western Lawyers. Retrieved on November 25, 2010 from The New York Times http//www.nytimes.com.

Essay --

One of the most loved Disney movies of all time, the 1991 animated movie Beauty and the Beast directed by Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale features talking teacups, ravish castles, gorgeous animation, catchy songs, and large helping of traditional gender roles. The countless favorite of many children and adults, many people know the story well. Belle, the bookish, dreamy, and beautiful female person child of an inventor is the talk of the town and the fixation of the most handsome guy around, the pushy and egotistical Gaston. After sacrificing herself for her father, Belle becomes imprisoned in an enchanted castle. Everyone in the castle is under a spell due to the selfish prince who lived there due to his failure to see what was inside of people. As a result, he is turned into a hideous beast and all of his servants atomic number 18 turned into household objects. To break this spell, he must fall in love with a girl and afford her love him in return, despite his hideous exterior. But unfortunately for the Beast its not only his exterior thats hideous. He treats Belle with no respect, stock-still going so far as to threaten and yell at her. He eventually changes her heart with the help of his enchanted friends and she changes his through her kindness. Gaston tries his utmost to work up Belle his own, entrapping her and fighting the Beast, but eventually he is unsuccessful, the good guys win, and the whole castle and its inhabitants are transformed by love and everybody lives happily ever after. The primary female character, Belle, is introduced in the beginning scenes with her nose in a book, rolling her eyes at the continual advances of the most handsome man in town as the background chorus sings about how odd she is. She then talks about how she yearns for adv... ...he full scope of what a character can do. Every story necessitate a villain, and Beauty and the Beasts is Gaston. Gaston is a handsome, strong, and powerful member of the community. Hes also , in Belles words, rude and conceited and is shown frequently injuring his sidekick due to negligence, checking his reflection in the mirror and talking about how wonderful he is. Interestingly, unlike other Disney villains who are evil due to a thirst for power or knock-down-and-drag-out behavior, Gaston is considered a villain because of his poor treatment of women. His evil deeds such as attempting to sell Belles father to the asylum or stabbing the Beast are done in the name of his conquest his main objective is to win Belle like a prize for the taking. By showing a misogynistic character in a negative light, the film attempts to define what is and isnt an acceptable way to treat women.

Essay --

One of the most warmthd Disney movies of all time, the 1991 animated movie Beauty and the Beast directed by Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale features talking teacups, enthrall castles, gorgeous animation, catchy songs, and large helping of traditional gender roles. The countless favorite of humannessy children and adults, many people do the story well. Belle, the bookish, dreamy, and beautiful daughter of an inventor is the talk of the town and the fixation of the most handsome guy around, the pushy and egotistical Gaston. After sacrificing herself for her father, Belle becomes imprisoned in an enchanted castle. Everyone in the castle is under a spell due to the selfish prince who lived there due to his failure to see what was inside of people. As a result, he is turned into a hideous beast and all of his servants are turned into household objects. To break this spell, he must fall in love with a girl and have her love him in return, despite his hideous exterior. But unfortunately f or the Beast its not only his exterior thats hideous. He treats Belle with no respect, even going so far as to threaten and yell at her. He eventually changes her heart with the help of his enchanted friends and she changes his through her kindness. Gaston tries his utmost to make Belle his own, entrapping her and fighting the Beast, but eventually he is unsuccessful, the good guys win, and the whole castle and its inhabitants are transformed by love and everybody lives happily ever after. The primary female character, Belle, is introduced in the beginning scenes with her nose in a book, rolling her eyes at the continual advances of the most handsome man in town as the background chorus sings about how odd she is. She then talks about how she yearns for adv... ...he full scope of what a character loafer do. Every story needs a villain, and Beauty and the Beasts is Gaston. Gaston is a handsome, strong, and powerful member of the community. Hes also, in Belles words, rude and concei ted and is shown frequently injuring his chum due to negligence, checking his reflection in the mirror and talking about how wonderful he is. Interestingly, unlike other Disney villains who are evil due to a aridness for power or violent behavior, Gaston is considered a villain because of his poor treatment of women. His evil deeds such as attempting to sell Belles father to the asylum or stabbing the Beast are done in the name of his conquest his main objective is to win Belle like a prize for the taking. By show a misogynistic character in a negative light, the film attempts to define what is and isnt an acceptable way to treat women.

Psychodynamic Theories

ANTHONY BILLSON 5. 2 PAGE 2 Psychodynamic Theory As a group everyplace the last few weeks we have been dicussing has a group the 3 main theories of counselling and after c arful deliberation ive chosen to do my presentation on the psychodynamic possibleness. Psychodynamics is the theory and systematic study of the mental forces that underlie human behaviour. It is especially interested in the dynamic relations between conscious and unconscious need . Psychodynamic therapies depend upon a theory of inner conflict, wherein repressed behaviours and emotions surface into the patients consciousness generally, one conflict is subconscious .Psychodynamics was initially moderniseed by Sigmund Freud ,Carl Jung and Alfred Adler. By the mid 1940s and into the 1950s, the general application of the psychodynamic theory had been well established. When talking closely Psychodynamic theory the first hear that pops into most peoples heads is Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud was Born in Austria on May 6, 1856, Sigmund Freud theorized and practiced neuro psychology, studying first hysteria and then sexuality. A highly controversial intellectual figure of the 20th century, he examine dreams, defined what he called the Oedipus confused and laid out three stages of infantile sexual development .He remains one of the most influential figures in todays man. His name alone symbolizes the importance of his theories, and the name that comes to most peoples heads when saying the word psychology is Sigmund Freud. Freud was a psychodynamic psychologist and that came from Freuds berth on the caput is in the shape of an iceberg. He believes that mankinds mind works in the unconscious. Every choice that mankind makes he is aw are of, barely maybe the consequences of our action might be unknown.The Structure of Personality which is some other interesting part of Freuds theory basically states that we have an ID, a Superego and an Ego. The ID is a biological reservoir of urges and imp ulses that need to be gratified. He says the ID does non have a conscious , it acts on instinct and it seeks out gratification and pleasure. It is the pleasure principle. The Superego is the Morality Principle, and the Superego knows the going away between aright and wrong. The Superego is a bunch of learned internalized morals and set of society. This is asically the thing that keeps the ID in check. Freud said that Superego is our conscious, and that the Superego is the most powerful tool (guilt and pride). Last barely not least is the Ego, which is the reality principle. The Ego finds socially pleasing ship gital to satisfy the ID. It finds the balance between the ID and reality. The functions of the Ego is to find a compromise between the ID and the Superego. The Ego must also learn to deal with anxiety, and it also helps to procession the self-esteem. Without the Ego there would be no mental health.After researching Freuds theory of the Structure of Personality I feel w e have different parts of our behavior that we can control and that we are conscious about and there are other behaviors that come directly from our unconscious . Our ego lies to us, denies, falsifies, and distorts reality which in turn causes us to create what Freud likes to call the seven defense mechanisms. The first of the seven defense mechanisms is Repression. Repression pushes the problem to the subconscious. It is the exclusion of impulses and thoughts from the conscious mind.Next comes Denial, and denial is the cutting of the conscious mind from extraneous threats. ANTHONY BILLSON 5. 2 PAGE 3 An typesetters case of this would be when you are walking in the mall with your girlfriend and a beautiful woman walks by and you timber but when your girlfriend asks you say, I wasnt looking at her. Next there is a defense mechanism called Sublimation which is the changing of bad behavior and impulses into socially acceptable behavior and impulses. One example of this could be play ing football for a scholarship in order to go to college.Another defense mechanism is Reaction organic law which is a development of behavior opposite of that which brings you anxiety . The succeeding(prenominal) mechanism is called Projection whichis when the unconscious attribution of your thoughts and feelings is brought onto others. Finding flaws in others is a severe example of Projection. Displacement is the next defense mechanism, and this is when an urge is placed onto another object. Taking out anger onto others when you really should be mad at yourself. Last but not least is the defense mechanism of Rationalization which is giving a good reason in place of the true reason.Another well known psychologist which is truly a student of Freuds is Carl Jung who is also a psychodynamic psychologist, Carl Jung was innate(p) July 26, 1875 in Kesswil, Switzerland and he went a little deeper than Freud did in his theories and he challenges some of his ideas. One is that Jungs iceb erg is right side up and at the top of the iceberg is the ego, and the level underneath that is the personal unconscious, and the final level of the iceberg is finally the collective unconscious which is approximately the exact opposites of Freuds.What I mean by deeper is that he feels that man is not just sexual but spiritual as well. He says that the major difference in man is establish on the Libido which is your sex drive. As you can see Jung has a much broader level of human interest. Jung theories are strongly based on Darwins theory of Evolution. Jung thinks we evolved behaviorally which has allowed us to prosper and move forward in order to keep up with society. The next part of Carl Jungs theory is the Archetypal Complex, which are common ways of dealing with the world.In other words its a genetically transmitted response strategy. It ensures survival. There are both examples of Archetypal Complexes and they are the rival archetype and the social archetype. . There are e xamples in everyday tone when a person does not know what something is they immediately show some categorisation of aggression or frustration which proves they are afraid of what is different or what they do not really know or understand. The social archetype basically center strength in numbers. Also the social archetype is what we look to for support and look to interact and socialize with.The response strategy is to develop a need to conform. With the whole idea of Archetypal Complexes different people use different ways to deal with the worlds problems, and enemy archetype could not be to a greater extent precise about mankind being threatened by something that is different. The next part of Jungs theory is the idea of Individuation which is the integration of our conscious perceptions of the outside world with our unconscious archetypal experiences. Polarities, which are opposite extremes, which ties in the Principle of entropy which, is a state of disorder and a randomness of energy.The last thing Jung states in his theory is the idea of wholeness which is having both polarities of our life met. Carl Jungs theory challenges much of Freuds, but in some ways is similar. Jung gets much into man being more spiritual than sexual which is almost the opposite of Freud. The next psychologist that I will mention will be a social psychodynamic psychologist by the name of Alfred Adler. Adler was innate(p) on February 7, 1870 and Adlers theory states that all of us are born with a sense of inferiority as evidenced by how weak and powerless a newborn is.ANTHONY BILLSON 5. 2 PAGE 4 By this, Adler was able to explain that this inferiority is a crucial part of our personality, in the sense that it is the cause force that pushes us to strive in order to become superior. In addition to the Inferiority Theory of Personality, Adler also considers birth order as a major factor in the development of our personality. He believed that first born children may feel inferior and may even develop inferiority complex once their younger sibling arrives.The middle born children, on the other hand, are not as pampered as their older or younger sibling, but they have a sense of superiority to dethrone their older sibling in a healthy competition. Thus they have the greatest potential to be successful in life. The youngest children may feel like they have the least power to influence other members of the family. Because they are often the most pampered, they may develop personality problems of inferiority just like the first born. He was much less of a pessimist than Freud was Almost a complete opposite from Freud.Adler believed that society impedes humans. His view of the mind is much like Carl Jungs, but instead of having the ego at the top he has the conscious at the top with the unconscious on the bottom. He felt that social interests drive motivation, which is an innate drive to be social and to belong. He also stated in his theory that mankind is depend ent on others and their reactions and their acceptance which in turn leaves mankind very vulnerable. The main idea of this theory is that he feels that mankind is more social than biological.A great example ofthis would unimpeachably be that in todays schools there are cliques and clans of different people that feel that they are cooler or better and than the people who are not as popular do whatever they can to fit in with a certain group. Teenagers nowadays are probably the best example there is of Adlers theory of social interest. Another part of Adlers theory that he brings up is the idea of the creative self which he says drives us toward human nature. There are two parts to this theory and they are the superiority complex and the inferiority complex.First of all the superiority complex states mankind tries to better itself in order to overcome our weaknesses. The stand by part of this theory is the inferiority complex which is when society measures us up to their standards. This is when we begin to avoid our weaknesses instead of trying to overcome them. The next theorist is Erich Fromm who was born in Frankfurt on March 23, 1900 and he was a liberal social psychodynamic psychologist who was also a student of Freuds. He believes that man is innately good and society is the thing that corrupts him.He also feels that the conscious mind dominates over the unconscious. Fromm says man is a social creature and he believes that mankind has social inescapably. He says life is a struggle and society makes our lives difficult. Fromm feels that the four needs of mans social life are relatedness, frame of reference , identity, and transcendence. Relatedness is a basic need and it states that man needs to feel connected to humanity whether it be friends, family, or activities. It also states that man has to beinteracted with other in order to belong.The problems start when a person feels that they are not a part of something. Relatedness is probably the most power ful need. Frame of Reference are common ideas and precepts of looking at the world. This is when we seek out a belief system or a value system. We receive our frame of reference from where we find our relatedness. Without frame of reference there is no meaning to life. Identity is the next out of the four needs of mans social life which is when you know who you are and what you stand for.With identity you have to establish your own uniqueness or identity. Recognizing differences in others help you to find your own identity. ANTHONY BILLSON 5. 2 PAGE 5 Next comes transcendence which is rarely achieved and this means to rise above societies conformities in order to be an individual. With transcendence there is a risk of losing your relatedness, and for this not to happen relatedness must allow you rise above society. A conflict of freedom and loneliness means that the more that we become transcendent the more we lose the relatedness.My last theorist to talk about is Erik Erikson, he was born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1902 . Erikson impacted psychological theories by expanding upon Freuds original five stages of development. He believed that each person progressed through eight, and ultimately nine (added by his widow), stages of development throughout their lives. Eriksons theories were founded on the premise that environment played a major role in self-awareness, adjustment, human development, and identity . His belief in the Life Cycle later won him a Pulitzer Prize and a National Book Award.He was selected for the Jefferson Lecture and recognized for his achievement in the area of humanities. Erikson was best known for his impact on psychology through his theory on social development and his lengthy teaching career at prestigious institutions. Now after all my researching which has took me quite a while to get through cause there are so many sources to choose from ive realised that has psychodynamic theories have developed over the years our mind of the huma n psyche has evolved and so as the effectiveness of the methods used by counsellors today.There is a negative side to this theory though cause some critics surround that psychodynamic theories are not falsifiable and therefore unscientific. In response to this criticism, proponents of psychodynamic theories point out that evidence does support some psychodynamic concepts. For example, research shows that there are unconscious mental processes, that people have mental representations of other people, and that people use unconscious defense mechanisms to protect themselves from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety.Other critics beg that psychodynamic theories are made by generalizing from a small number of patients to the whole human population. Relying only on case studies can lead to faulty conclusions. Still others argue that most psychodynamic theories are not based on studies that follow people from childhood to adulthood. Instead, psychodynamic theorists listen to descriptions of an adult patients past and draw conclusions about the relevance of childhood experiences however memories are not always reliable.

Nature and Materialism in Walden

Henry David Thoreau, an American author, lived alone in a splendid cabin which he himself built on the banks of Walden Pond near Concord, Massachusetts for two years and two months starting in July 4, 1845. He gave an interesting depict of this experience and experiment in living alone in a place neighboring to nature and away from civilization in his book authorize Walden published in 1854.I especially liked Thoreaus philosophical ideas and reflections that he learned while living in Walden. His experiences in living in Walden Pond encourages people to slow down and reflect on the kind of support that they be living whether they are supposedly living the kind of life that was meant to be. According to Miller, He Thoreau endeavored to find the foundation for a more simple, honest, and pure life which he contrasted to the lives of quiet desperation led by most of his genesis (Miller 1995).In relating his experiences, Thoreau also used wit and humor so that he made life away fro m civilization an interesting idea. What I do non like is that Thoreau can be extreme in his advocacy for simplicity. For example, he believed that water is the only drink for a wise hu realitykind wine is not a noble liquor and think of dashing the hopes of a morning with a cup of warm coffee, or of an evening with a dish of tea leaf (Thoreau 182). I do not agree that moderate drinking of tea and coffee is harmful to man.Throughout the book, Thoreau praised the life living in simplicity close to nature. For him life with nature is like living life in innocence. Every morning with nature, he felt renewed as he was far from dissonance and disturbance. In the cabin, he felt remote from the life that he had left behind with civilization and in so doing, he had the time to think about(predicate) life in its purer form, to have an effective intellectual exertion. I do agree with Thoreau that nature had its positive effect of renewing the inner spirit of man for in their presence one felt relaxed and calm.Life away from nature can be very stressful and demanding and with time, one no longer knew what was authorized about living. Modern civilization in particular can be very stressful as more emphasis is put on the encyclopaedism of material wealth. One is caught in the never-ending web of earning money as much as he can to live a supposed well-to-do life so that he had no time to stop and smell the flowers.Yet the truth in most cases is that oftentimes modern man would not be able to enjoy what he worked so hard for either because he had no time to do so or that he got spew for working too hard so that his money was spend in medical expenses ( Medical Science News 2005). According to Thoreau Most of the luxuries, and many of the questionable comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the elevation of mankind (Thoreau 10). I totally agree in this judgment because I have noticed that some of the inventions of modern man only deprived him of the exercise that he needs for healthy living.For example in cleaning the sign of the zodiac he had floor polisher that replaced manual floor scrubbing so that in return he sweats less than he used to. Also, man had used the luxury of cars at his disadvantage for even in a short distance he will not take a walk. No wonder Thoreau had concluded, the nation itself its so-called internal improvements, which, by the way, are all external and superficial is cluttered by furniture and tripped by its own traps (Thoreau 75).In my life, these ideas had largely opened my eyes to the reality that I do not have to compete for the acquisition of wealth for in so doing I whitethorn fail to really live. I believe now that many people who only spend their whole lifetime gaining possessions never actually lived after all. Their bodies and minds are like machines that are employed to acquire many of the supposed luxuries of life. For me, to exclude such a mistake, I must see to i t that I spend past with nature in order to reflect and to be renewed.Thoreaus Walden therefore revealed to man the need for simple living and to be close to nature and avoid the extreme need to acquire lifes luxuries. In order to really live and enjoy life man needs time to relax, to be calm, to reflect and be renewed by nature.Works CitedMedical Science News. Garvan scientists explain stress and sickness. Canadian Online Pharmacy. December 2005. Accessed April 7, 2008 http//www.news-medical.net/?id=14885 Miller, Jakob. Two Truths in Thoreaus Inconclusive Conclusion. Hanover College division of History. 1995. Accessed April 7, 2008 from Thoreau, Henry David. Walden. New York Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1966.

Lateralization of Functions: Left and Right Hemispheres

Brain is the most complex structure ever evolved in Universe such that it contains billions and billions of neurons that act and react in interconnected ways lead-in to the emergence of thought, consciousness, feelings, emotions and creative thinking, all subsumed under the enigmatic term mind. The psyche is a multilayered structure that is folded into many folds, the surface of which is known as the gray depend and the inner beas deep within the cortex is known as the white matter (the color is because of the fatty substance).The cerebral cortex is the area of associative functions of the brain that is divided into many fissures such as lateral fissure and central fissure. The four lobes formed based on these fissures are the frontal lobes, parietal lobes, temporal role lobes and occipital lobes. The cerebral hemisphere is divided into deuce halves the left wing(a) hemisphere and the good hemispheres with asymmetric functions.Corpous callousum is the structure that join ts the two hemispheres so that the brain functions according to the Lashley principle of mass action, that is, it is the integrative functions of the two hemispheres that result in the coordinated activates of individuals, that is look. Lateralization of Functions Left and Right Hemispheres Lateralization of brain function means that each hemisphere, that is the even off or the left, specializes in certain functions so that the inactivity of a hemisphere result in the damage to that function or that function totally disappears from the behavior repertoire.Left hemisphere or right hemisphere dominances are responsible for the controlling of those respective functions. Lateraisation of functions may be studied using different methods like the antiquated method of inserting an electrode in the brain and the modern methods of imaging, scanning and intravenous injections. The Wada Test introduces an anesthetic to one hemisphere of the brain, that is intravenous injection, following w hich, that is after anesthetized, neuropsychological tests are conducted to determine the effect of hemispheric paralysis or inactivity.Less invasive techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computerized Axial Tomography, SQUID and Poisson Emission Tomography are used to study dominance. Brain function lateralization is also determined in the phenomena of right or left handedness and of right or left ear preference (Lateralization of brain functions, 2009). However it is to be stated that preferences are not always a clear indication of hemispheric specialization. Ninety basketball team percent of the right handed people have left hemisphere dominance for language and only eighteen point eight per cent of left handed people have right hemisphere dominance for language functions.Sodium amytal tests indicate that 95 percent of right handed people are specialized in left hemisphere for language functions (Milner, 1974). Left hemisphere is specialized for language functions (Cori na, et al, 1992). Left hemisphere strokes that leads to right attituded paralysis (the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body and right side of the hemisphere controls the left side of the body known as ipsilateral control) result in serious language problems .The left hemisphere temporal lobe region known as the Wernickes area is involved in the understanding of spoken and indite language. The language region in the lower frontal lobe is known as Brocas area, the area involved in speech production The damage to the Brocas area leads to the slow and infrequent speech in that locationby the fluency is impaired. The left brain does all the functions related to analysis, logical, mathematical thinking, cause-effect relations and scientific thinking. In metonymical language, the left brain is said to be, the Western brain whereas the right brain is the Eastern brain.The sequential nature of processing of information carried out by the left hemisphere is contraste d with the global processing of right hemisphere (Sp tintinnabulationer and Deutsch, 1989). Right hemisphere specializes in soft functions characterized as appreciation of music, art, production of relaxation, quietness, peace, spatial relations, recognition and remembe remember patterns of stimulation (Morgan, etal. 1993) and the patterns are visual, tactile or spatial. Damage to these areas prevents these functions so that the person may fail to recognize the face of other people, fail to appreciate music and fail to relax.People practicing mediation is said to show changes in the electrical activity of the brain which means that electrical waves called alpha dominate in their lives. Significant changes in the electrical activity of people practicing mediation and not practicing mediation are located in studies. Emotional expression is another function that dominates the right hemisphere (Zaidel, 1994). In short, identification of faces, facial expressions of emotions, line slop es or dot locations occur more quickly when these are shown to the right hemisphere. The distinct functions are explained in hedge 1.Split Brain Studies Different functional specialization of the hemispheres are observed in the studies of split brain patients, who are characterized by the severing of corpus callousum so that there is no anatomical connection between the two halves and the two hemispheres act independently. Roger S. Sperry has conducted many studies with split brain patients whose brain functioned independently without transferring message between the two halves. With split brain patients visual input can be restricted to the left or right hemisphere because of the anatomical connections between the eyes and the brain.From the right visual field, stimuli go to the left hemisphere and the input from the left visual field goes to the right hemisphere. In this way the visual image of the word ring reaches the left hemisphere, while the word key reaches the right hemisp here in a form of experiment. It is found that split brain patients report the word ring and they do not report the word key sent to the right hemisphere, implying that there is no connection between the two halves of the brain. Moreover the left hemisphere specializes in the language function. And it is also found that the patients can recognize the word key by non-verbal language.

Cotton Came to Harlem

Chester Himes Cotton Comes to Harlem was a great work of art, a detective novel of the American blaxploitation era in which the characters would be considered flamboyantly super black individuals. In the days where everyone was a soul brother and jive turkey, or great(p) mamma jamma. The case to be solved in the book surrounded the accidental delivery of a bale of cotton to a neighborhood in Harlem, New York, far too set in the north for there to have ever been raw, unprocessed cotton there.The bale of cotton is used to divert nearly one hundred thousand dollars swindled from the Harlem constituency of a dirty, underhanded, slick talking preacher and after the bale is stuffed with the funds and misplaced it is found by a beggar and then chased throughout the tale. Although there was a ridiculous amount of racism present in this work there was also some(prenominal) fairly hidden aspects of racial solidarity.Whereas all of the white police officers and detectives were racists again st and clearly suspicious of Detectives Coffin and Gravedigger their immediate supervisor, the Sergeant whose name escapes me, was immensely supportive and understanding. He realized the situation that their department was dealing with and how important it was for Coffin and Gravedigger to be the ones to handle it, asserting that it was just their type of justice that was needed in much(prenominal) an instance and that they had a very particular way of going about the duties of their position.What is like the most controversial portion of this work is the underlying discussion of the guts to Africa Movement and the theme of African American solidarity (my second favorite part). I was extremely impressed with the attention that Himes gave to distinguishing the importance of finding and re put to working the money that was stolen because it was the hard-earned money of impoverished African Americans who had given all that they had and more literally their last dollars or penny, to t his preacher with a silver tongue because they felt he was the somebody to lead them to the promised land.They believed in this man and put a lot of stock in his words and alleged beliefs. He gave them hope and a romance that they felt they could have faith in. The Back to Africa Movement is an unfortunate dilemma which caught my attention having done some re research on and not being a fan of Marcus Garvey for having turned out to be quite similar to the pastor in this tale. An immeasurably flawed being of great charisma in search of every dime he could get. I was disappointed in the selling of a dream only when very pleased with the way in which Himes formed, create and presented this character.The thing that I by far loved most about this book was the fact that it was a bale of cotton full of money. It could have been anything on this earth, a steal bucket sealed shut, a large suitcase or locked box but it wasnt, it was a bale of cotton the same squeezable and beautiful subs tance that kept African Americans oppressed for so many long time working on plantations to harvest it. I thought the symbolism in the young lady dancing celebrating what it meant was absolutely beautiful. It meant the overcoming of subjugation and inferiority.This longstanding symbol of oppression had turned into a symbol of hope, not for an entire race but at least for the impoverished community where it had been lost. I would guess that not many people saw the significance in Himes using a bale of cotton, or the fact that he was the one to write the book at all, but I did. Chester Himes was born in 1909, right after the turn of the century, soon after the abolition of slavery and right there during peak sharecropping times. I felt like cotton was something that had a stronghold on so many people for so long.Working in cotton fields was among African Americans greatest struggles, if not the greatest of African American struggles. Cotton throughout chronicle has signified African American oppression, but when cotton came to Harlem, it signified hope and financial freedom. I didnt like the movie when I saw it years ago, but I am now glad that I was able to read the book. I thought it was great ad I would definitely recommended it to anyone who is interest in the underlying aspects of the African American struggle being celebrated as they are overcome.

Ku Klux Klan’s Effect on America Essay

The first Klan had first started around the year of 1860s. The first klan had lead up to the effects of the 1920s. The KKK had a tumultious start, and it had a major effect on America in the 1920s. The first klan began in Tennessee, by six Confederate Army Officers, in the winter of 1865. Ku klux Klan rose about quadruple million and spread from the South into the Midwest region and Northern states and even into Canada.The name of the Ku Klux Klan is derived from the Grrek word kyklos, meaning circle (Wikimedia Foundation). Klan was added for the purpose of alliteration (Ku Klux Klan). The infamous burning-cross scene became a symbol of the KKK in the 1920s, which was one of many tactics used for intimidation. Perhaps the most distinguishing characteristic of Klan members were the white robes they wore along with cone shaped hats that cover their faces. These costumes accomplished their goal of making them look more outlandish and terrifying, and for the intimidation of their vict ims (Smith).The Klan was pretty selective in accepting members, only WASPs (White Anglo-Saxon Protestants) could become members. These members have the ideology of white supremacy to all other races and ethnic divisions, similar to the concept of Neo-Nazism, however they claim to have based their beliefs on Christian set and nativism. It is often thought that the KKK only hated African-Americans, but many other groups acquired hate from the Klan, such as Jews, Catholics , homosexuals and several(a) immigrant groups. Anti-Defamination League). Even though the stock started to arrive at their stocks and shares didnt stop the Great Depression from happening (Kelly). Many people wonder why any group of people would posses such a hatred Dubbs 3 for certain groups of people. While there is no legitimate justification, one factor contributing to their hate was the rapid economic progression in the North, and the standing(prenominal) economy of the South.This may have been what angered the white southerners so much that they put blame onto the black population, along with leftover racial disputes from the times of thraldom (Trueman). People of today in like manner wonder how society could permit such destruction of life, and also support it. Back then, the Klan had many sources of income including membership fees, funds acquired from various events and sales of Klan propaganda, as well as free will donations. This income made the Klans many forms of media and strategy possible, such as mass mailings, pamphlets and public events and protests.They also did community service projects such as adopt a highway programs to make themselves look good in the eyes of their communities (Anti-Defamanation League). The members of the Ku Klux Klan did everything in their power to maintain the black community from exercising their newly acquired rights, which was often done during massive events. During a typical KKK event, they dressed in robes symbolizing their rank, then w ent on wickedness raids, during which they would whip and murder blacks and any of their supporters (Ku Klux Klan).These events, unfortunately, were extremely effective. This lack of a political presence is what allowed the Klan to exist for such a long period of time. KKK existed from the initial launching until around 1870, when congress passed the KKK act which allowed authorities to end such activities by force and penalize anyone who affiliated with terrorist organizations (Ku Klux Klan). At this time, blacks were the only targets of the KKK, for the most part.

A Mental Exercise To Increase My Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence

I understand that it must be a matter of subjectivity for the reader to focus on a individual(a) type of intelligence while perusing Armstrongs (1994) book, Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom.In my case, it has been the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, most probably because I feel the need to plus my own. Unfortunately, my school teachers were non aware of the multiple intelligences theory. Even if they were, they would certainly not have decided to speak to my bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. Just the same I admired children whose bodies performed more amazing functions than mine.This is the cause why my reflection on Armstrongs book must be centered on bodily-kinesthetic intelligence as a subconscious exercise for me to increase my own. Still, I agree with the author that all types of intelligences are equally important. Moreover, I trust the fact that all intelligences are important enough to be canvass individually and in depth. The various types of intelligence may als o be understood in greater depth through the study of a single(a) type of intelligence.It was Gardner (1983) who changed our views about intelligence forever when he proposed in his famous book, Frames of Mind The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, that there are actually seven kinds of intelligences as opposed to the singular type of genetic intelligence that had built the foundation of the Stanford-Binet IQ Test.According to the theory of multiple intelligences, it is possible for a child to be a genius in terms of interpersonal intelligence, and a nerd in logical-mathematical intelligence, and yet fail in school because his or her greatest strength lies in a high level of bodily-kinesthetic awareness and the teacher of the pupil does not know how the child must be taught with special reference to his or her headliner abilities.Armstrong states that children with a higher than usual degree of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence should be taught spelling by associating it with movemen t. As an example, a teacher might try to connect posing with consonants and standing with vowels (Willingham, 2004). Indeed, Gardners theory of multiple intelligences has direct not only to new ideas like the ones put forth by Armstrong, but it has also led to a revolution in the study of intelligence.

Planning Functions of Management Essay

WorldCom was a large telecom company that rose during 1990s up to early 2000s when the company encountered some shortcomings which finally led to its collapse. The collapse arouses questions on the think role of its management. The Management function basically plans for the companys future(a) based on the expectations of stakeholders. They expect to make high expediencys. This critical role may have been avoided by the management in favour of taking forbidden excessive salaries and other benefits for themselves leading to company collapse. Legal issues, ethics and corporate social responsibility have an impact on management planning. Management planning ought to take a lawful perspective. For example when the organization collapses, it takes a legal dimension to determine the failure of management planning. This can lead to long legal battles. Ethically, management planning operates within ethical frameworks. For example it was unethical for WorldCom to loan executives money to purchase shares of the company stock. These could have contributed to the companys collapse. The failure of corporate social responsibility impacts on the functioning of management planning negatively because it shifts the focus away. Various factors influence the companys strategic, tactical operational and contingency planning. They include legal, ethical and business responsibilities, government law, the desire for more profit, nature and size of the business, the workforce and size of customers, among others. For example if the target of the profit is high then the planning ought to be more involving. There is also a variation in planning in connection with the nature of grocery store and the size of the esteemed customers. Also the higher the workforce the more intense is the planning.ReferencesCarol, A., (1993) Three Types of Management Planning Making Organizations Work. Management quarterly, 34Ewing, D. (1969). The Human case of Planning Tool or Tyrant? London MacmillanFo ley, P., Howes, p. (1993) Strategic Human resource Management An Australian case study. Human Resource Planning, 16.

Broadsheet and tabloid article comparison Essay

Three news newsprints, The generation(a British broadsheet), The mirror ( a British tabloid) and Newsweek (an American paper) have all related to the same ski incident where 20 battalion died in a cable gondola as an American Fight Jet sliced through the cable cars wires sending its occupants hurling tether hundred feet to their deaths in the Dolomite Mountains in Italy.The major differences betwixt the three articles is that The times and The Mirror were able to get reporters to the scene of the apoplexy within hours of the crash notwithstanding Newsweeek wasnt able to get a reporter out to the Dolomites as they werent a particuarly overflowing newspaper firm and it took them 2 weeks to reveal the news and by then e realone had ground out, whereas The Times and The Mirror chose to publish it the very next day. The Times is very factual throughout entirely The Mirror uses very chatty delivery.The Mirror and Newsweek are biased towards the victims because they cant defen d themselves against what the American Fighter Pilots had done. The major similarities among the three newspapers is that they have all got the same account of what happened and that the American Fighter Pilots are to blame. excessively how it happened and they agree on the basic facts. Within the three newspapers they all use factual content of well-nigh description. The Mirrors factual content is stating that why the incident occured, who was involved, that there were no survivors and how there bodies were found beneath all the rubble.The Times goes into more detail close the incident and the paper is more dividing line like and better grammar. Newsweek is just stating the facts and is basically worded for the younger commentators to understand. There are a couple of discrepancies between the three newspapers, The Newsweeks descrepancies are that it is has not been illustrated. It took them two weeks to publish the incident. It was using very basic piece of writing techniq ues. It in like manner prints that the incident was not that bad a disaster By then, Prime Minister Romano Prodi had already judged the crash as an act of trajic recklessnesss.The Mirrors discrepancies are that it uses too many opinions rather than facts. Too much adjoin the incident rather than what the American Goverment should will do to improve its training schemes and how to make it up to the victims families. The Times discrepancies is that it is too long and too intellectual. I feel out of these three newspaper articles surrounding this accident The Times is the best for facts but The Mirror is the best for witness accounts and opinions and pictures of the wreckage. The language used in the three papers are all different and targeted at a specific group of people.The Mirror is aimed at people who thrive on separate peoples misfortunes. The Times is aimed towards the more intelligent and business like individuals. Newsweek is aimed at American people around where this paper is based to give them news about their state. There are not many differences in tone, pettishness or bias achieved due to the language used. The Mirrors tone is very dramatic, emotional and to the point, its mood is dread and is biased towards the victims and does not rattling mention opinions based on the American Pilots.The Times tone is very serious and business like, its mood is partially shocking but still remains serious and factual. The Times is not biased in its report as it considers both sides of the incident. Newsweeks tone is very evasive and eluding, its mood is not shocking but almost normal, it is biased towards the American Pilots An US Fighter Jet clips a gondola cable and they act as if it isnt such a bad crash. In The Times and The Mirror interview people who were next in line for the cable car and those who witnessed the incident.The Times also spoke to Fauseo Colasant who was a police chief in Cavalese, many stumbleicals, a spokesman at Aviano, Giorgio Ruia ldiwho was a pitch worker at Cavalese, Massimo Brulti who is the de ranky Defence Minister. The Mirrors interviewees were Neil Harmar and his girlfriend Stacey ODonnell who were next in line, police chief Andrea Russo, a fire service spokesman, American Defence Secretary William Cohen, salesman Neil of Heathfield, Sussex, furious locals, regional President Carlo Androtti, Cristina Antoniazzi the owner of the Hotel Locanda La Cascato just 100 yards from the cable lines and Air Force Chiefs.All the mentioned people above all commented on how low and dangerous this was, also how trajic an accident it was and that the Military war games should suss out which put peoples lives at risk. Newsweek didnt have any speakers because they it was a strategic choice and chose not to publish the article until two weeks later when everyone had found out about it through other people and other major newspapers such as The Times and The Mirror.Most of the people who were interviewed said that it was a disaster If pilots want to put their own lives at risk that is up to them, but it is not acceptable that inncoent tourists should transmit the consequences and many important people mentioned how many victims were confirmed dead. The US Defence Secretary William Cohen said The victijms were nine women, ten men and one child, and a fire spokesman said Its official- its twenty. but Air Force Chiefs declined to comment. Regional President Carlo Androtti said Military aircrafts should stop these war games which put innocent peoples lives at risk.Many people have told me how some Military Planes in reality fly under the cables, The Times has more factual content rather than content rather than speakers but the people who were interviewed said how much of a tragic incident this was. The Pentagon had launched and inquiry into the accident and express its Deepest Sympathy for those killed, but this was an accident that should ahev nopt happened as the conditions were excellent Visibi lity on the mountain had been excellent at the time of the disaster. the Newsweek had Italys Air Force Chief General Mario Arpino who said The Prowler was four miles off of course and flying 3,300 feet below the height designated in the flight plan filed at Aviano. The minimum cruising altitude for US pilots in Italy is 500 feet. Newsweek doesnt use its article based on all on the one accident like the other papers did but it compares it to another crash. There is not in truth and explination for the different nationalities but they must think it is truly embarrasing for letting this get out of hand take down with the amount of complaints recieved by the Regional President Carlo Androtti.The Mirror layout is so that the readers will straight away contract on the accident that happened and a photo of the devastation at The Dolomites because of the pictures and the headline. The layout of The Times shows it is a sophisticated paper that contains pictures of the EA-6B Prowler Jet that caused the accident, the devastation and a diagram of how it happened. The layout of Newsweek is very plain and un-interesting. It contains no photos of diagrams. This means that it is layed out very poorly and has no effect on the reader.The effect of the use of pictures, diagrams and headlines is expressed very well. The Times has great use of pictures, diagrams and headlines. Their headline is bold, catchy and to the point. Where-as The Mirror is more suttle and detailed, its headline is very effective because it stands out. But, Newsweek is exactly the opposite from The Times and The Mirror because its headline is based for the reader to become curious and to continue reading the article, thee are no pictures or diagrams which let this article down.In conclusion I feel that The Mirror explains what happened and suggests the full horror of the incident most effectively as it uses many techniques that are typical to a tabloid newspaper. In particular, it gives the incident a personal and British flavour by prominently reporting the reactions of two british Holidaymakers who narrowly avoided being involved in the incident. It also uses bold type, pull quotes and Tabloidese the pacy, dramatic language exemplified by the sub-headline Brits tell of horror in deoxycytidine monophosphate.

Explain the theory of Virtue Ethics Essay

Aristotle originally introduced rectitude morals to club in ancient Greek times. fair play Ethics tells us that we should look at the character of the somebody instead of the actions or duties a someone performs. sooner of concentrating on what is the even out thing to do, legality ethics asks how you can be a check person. Aristotle claims that tip a unadulterated life is easy, and those who do, do so to be happy. Happiness is the ultimate goal for everyone in life.To live a better person, you must(prenominal) practice blameless acts regularly. After a while, these acts will become routine and so the virtuous acts will be nonhing more than than everyday life and the person a virtuous person. Aristotle verbalise that although virtues should become a habit we must never forget that we suffer in such a way because it is right. For example, if a singer practices singing everyday, they will become better at it and used to doing it. This is the same as people who practic e their virtues and soon automatically act in the right way, by practicing our skills we improve them, becoming happier. Virtues should non be an effort, scarcely simply a cut off of everyones personality. Aristotle says that virtue is something that we acquire and are not secure born with, people are not inherently honest or bad, further become good or bad according to the habits they develop.Aristotle said that a virtue was a Golden Mean in between to vices. These Vices are two extremes of a scale at opposite ends, one of excess and one of deficiency. For example the vices would be shamelessness and shyness, and the virtue modesty. Another example of this would be rudeness and a sense of humour as the two vices and the virtue as wittiness. Such virtues must be cultivated, we must learn when to use certain virtues and to what extent, for example we must not ever use humour in excess to act like a fool, entirely at the same time we must also not pass into rudeness.Two philoso phers, Anscombe and MacIntyre say that on that point has been a mistake in how virtues have been portrayed. The majority of people look at the actions a person does to judge whether they are virtuous or not. The way in which we behave provides an opportunity for others to judge our virtues and vices. This besides is not right. People should look at the character within andlook at what the person believes is right and how they think they should help people instead of what they do to help. A famous example of a virtuous person is Mother Theresa. She helped millions of suffering people across the world and for this became well known as a virtuous person. There are hundreds of other virtuous people who would have liked to have helped alone were unable to do so in such a huge way who are not considered as virtuous, but these people are just as virtuous but not recognise for it.Aristotle tells us that we are most likely to learn virtuous behaviour from watching others. If we experienc e others existence kind to us and see the delight it creates we are more likely to practice it then if we were just told to do it. For example, if we were told to be courageous we may occasionally stand up for small things that we disagree with, but if we see someone telling others off for not doing the right thing then we are more likely to not allow bad behaviour towards ourselves. Aristotle said that the best way of becoming virtuous was to follow in the footsteps of a virtuous person, e.g. Mother Theresa and do what they do.Virtue Ethics is relative Aristotle recognised that virtues in one country may not be the same as virtues in another. He believed that there was no absolute platonic good beyond our world. As virtues have evolved through habits of society it is probable that different societies would deem different actions good or bad. However there is no difference between the virtues of a community and individuals within that community, the supreme happiness that Aristot le talks about is one for the community, and not just and individual. MacIntyre suggests that philosophy is too far removed from ordinary life and said that it is not good enough that philosophers spend their time debating the nature of ethical language or forming reasoned theories of morality in a way that is far removed from real people and real life.All actions are through in order to reach an aim. A successive series of actions are also for an aim, for example acquiring up in to morning to go to work, is to make money, is to feed our families is to go on nice holidays is to but them nice things etc. all ultimate aims is to make people happy, everything is subordinate to the supreme good, which is happiness. Everyone hasdifferent ideas of what happiness is and different things all make different people happy, and Aristotle called this feeling of all round well macrocosm eudemonia.Therefore, Virtue Ethics concentrates on what a person is then what a person does. Its aim is to di scover something, which people genuinely want rather then being based on arguably unlogical ideas about the after-life. It is a system, which can be easily apply and understood by all. It fits into a mannequin of philosophies, and religions, which both do and dont include God. However, there are a few problems with Virtue Ethics. Ones of these which has been pointed out by MacIntyre is that although a virtue is the golden mean between two vices it cannot be applied to all virtues.Virtues such as promise keeping, loyalty, and compassion do not fall between either two vices and so Aristotles theory of this does not really work. Another problem with this theory is that it is of weeny help to people faced with a moral dilemma. It does not help them make a decisiveness like other theories such a natural law or utilitarianism.

Islam and Religious Group Essay

Religious bases (based on http//religions. pewforum. org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions. pdf) oChristianity Evangelical Protestant Mainline Protestant Historically shameful Churches Roman Catholic Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) Jehovahs Witnesses Orthodox (Greek, Eastern) oJudaism (Orthodox, Conservative, or Reform) oBuddhism (Theravada or Mahayana) oIslam (Sunni, Shia, Sufism) oHinduism Ethnic groups (based on divisions in U. S. Census Bureau documents) oAsian (Asian descent) oBlack (African descent).oHispanic and Latino (South or Central American descent) oPacific Islander (Polynesian descent) oWhite (European descent) Part trio declaration the adjacent questions in 150 to 250 words each intimately the apparitional group you selected How does your selected sacred group differ from other religious groups (such as in their beliefs, worship practices, or values)? What has been the mystify of your selected religious group with others that do not share its beliefs or practices? I n what ways has the religious group you selected contributed to American culture? Provide specific examples of prejudice or contrariety your selected religious group has experienced.What were the sources of this prejudice or discrimination? Does what youve learned about this religious group help you understand it? In what ways? Answer the following questions in 150 to 250 words each about the ethnic group you selected How does your selected ethnic group differ from other ethnic groups (such as differences in ancestry, language, or culture)? What has been your selected ethnic groups experience with other ethnic groups? In what ways has the ethnic group you selected contributed to American culture?Identify many specific examples of prejudice or discrimination that your selected ethnic group has experienced historically. What were the sources of this prejudice or discrimination? Does what youve learned about this ethnic group help you understand it? How? Part IV Answer the following questions in 150 to 250 words each How are the prejudice and discrimination experienced by your selected religious group and ethnic group similar? How are they different? Can you draw any conclusions about discrimination from this comparison.

Favorite Teacher

Hi My name is Ameha Tsegai. My favorite teacher is Mrs. Magnusen. She is my favorite teacher because she has done a manage for me. She always makes teaching fun and easy. The students in her class learn faster because the way she teaches. I learn fast too because I am excessively in her class. She is a special teacher, and she is very(prenominal) nice and kind. She is a good teacher because she always makes sure everydead body learned the lesson. If one student does non understand the lesson, she carefully teaches them until they understand it before moving on.She does that because she is trying to make sure every body in our class passes the CRCT. She is a really awesome teacher. She is my math and science teacher. I love those ii subjects for two reasons. The first reason I like those two subjects is because their real interesting and fun the help reason is because she teaches it Another reason Mrs. Magnusen is my favorite teacher is because she knows my family and culture re ally well. She has also tried the pagan food that the people in the country that my parents were born make.Anyway, she is a one of a kind teacher. She is because she in reality cares about if the students completely understand the lesson. Some teachers just teach the lesson and let the book teach them. Mrs. Magnusen goes beyond that point and does most of it on the board, dapple shes explaining it. Mrs. Magnusen likes giving extra help to students. When a lot of students need extra help she goes on the computer, finds something that explains our lesson, and pulls it up on the promethean board.That actually helps the students in our class because it explains the lesson step-by-step. The students sight take notes on what the board is saying and study it for the next test. That way more students could pass the tests. Mrs. Magnusen also makes the class laugh. That is another good reason for her to be your favorite teacher. Sometimes in the classroom she makes jokes while no one expe cts it. I have one more favorite teacher. Her name is Mrs. Goff. She is also free and kind. Her and Mrs. Magnusen are a lot alike.

Humanism and the Renaissance + Protestant Reformation Essay

The subsequent position Ages is characterized as a eon of great transition and advancement, especially pertaining to areas of politics, economics, art and intellect. A revolutionary trend towards the pursuit of bare-ass companionship and ideas first emerged in fifteenth century re present Italy. This untried area of intellect marks the emergence of humanitarianism, which essentially came to be the defining characteristic leading up to the scientific novelty in the eighteenth century. The Protestant reclamation can be ascertainn as the arcsecond catalyst to the Scientific Revolution, which occurred around the turn of the fifteenth century.It was the combination of the expansion of humanism first witnessed during the Renaissance creating the desire for association, greater meaning and ultimate truths, with the power gained on part of the individual during the Protestant Reformation allowing for the pursuit of these new questions and ideas which, at the time, opposed exis ting knowledge that was universally accepted to be verit satisfactory this combination at last culminated in the methods, principles, knowledge and set in motionations realized during the Scientific Revolution.The Renaissance is a seen a diaphanous period of time emerging in the beginning of the fifteenth century, immediately following what is now termed the Middle Ages. First manifesting itself in Italy, it is considered a period which witnessed transition from the knightly to the late age, that is to say, the latter part of the fifteenth and the beginning of the one-sixteenth century (Bishop, 130).i Renaissance literally means rebirth, referring to the rebirth of antiquity, or Greco-Roman civilization. introductory to this, the advanced knowledge of the natural world possessed by the ancient classics meant little to the Romans, and for a pine time that knowledge went into decline, this is, until now (Henry, 557).ii Many aspects of aliveness were greatly impacted, includ ing areas of politics, economics, art and intellect. This new outlook sparked the installation of a movement toward greater gentility.Education was seen as the key to living a prosperous and effectuate life. In particular, the importance of liberal studies was widely agreed upon. Several key events during this time allowed for the spread of knowledge, creating the beckoning toward wider horizons (Buttimer, 11).iii For example, the blind of the printing press encouraged the printing of books, which culminated in scholarly research. Additionally, there was a greater availability to the lay people than ever before previously, there was plainly no access to such information. A historian describes this occurrence alien tongues and races have been drawn together, and have learned once again to date each others speech, and to enter into each others thought (Bishop, 131).iv Intellect and education began bringing people together who otherwise would not have ever circulated his or her new ideas and thoughts. more or less individuals in particular are credited with the fact that the reforms enacted were substantial. At an increasing number of Northern universities, Greek became a regular subject and specialists were hired to teach it. Old Textbooks were abandoned after having been used for centuries and were replaced with products of humanism (Nauert, 429).v Among the individuals more or less recognized for their impact on this time in history exists Desiderius Erasmus. Inarguably, Erasmus can be seen as a perfect demonstration of a humanist. Erasmus was before all else a scholar and a humanist. He was filled with a genuine enthusiasm for learning (Bishop, 137).vi It was this motivated spirit that drove the culmination of the humanitarian movement.Intellect and scholarly research was greatly dedicated to religion. Erasmus insisted that the dialectic method of the academic theologians had produced a theological science that concentrated on trivial, abstruse ques tions of little or no real value to the unavoidably of the church (Nauert, 431).vii This argument became the basis for much of Erasmus highly esteemed, accredited exercise he was determined to carry on his status as orthodox Catholic (Nauert, 431).viiiSoon, modern-day humanists greatest aspiration was the church. Many criticized Erasmus, believing that he lacked theological training and hence had neither a legal nor an intellectual right to speak and notify on questions involving theology and the Bible (Nauert, 431).ix Until this point in my discussion thus far, not much opposition has been mentioned. It is very important and essential to note that this new topic of new knowledge created extreme amounts of tension, ultimately culminating in the Protestant Reformation.At the same as scholars such as Erasmus, Bacon and Galileo emerged, scholastic theologians arrogantly sit down back and issued condemnations, which greatly hindered the advancement of intellect (Nauert, 431).x Cl early established thus far was the recently re-create desire for new knowledge in response, many new education establishments received great take over and ideas began to circulate. In order for the continuing and pursuit of the ever evolving goals of humanists, there needed to be some diversify that would allow for this. This is one contributing factor to Erasmus dedication to reforming the church. Conflicts among humanists and scholars reflected a disharmony that is fundamental, and furthermore came to define the divergence over academic competency and exacerbation of the debate during the Reformation as the two forces behind the weigh (Nauert, 432).xiBy this point in time it was seen as a necessity that religion be transformed. Among some(prenominal) attempts throughout history, the Protestant Reformation is the only attempt that was successfully institutionalized (Bellah, 369).xii So much work thus far had been the foundational truth scholastic philosophers and theologians s pent long years acquiring the skills of dialectical cable and familiarity with the opinions of the past authorities, both ancient and medieval (Nauert, 433).xiii It would take great influence to override these criticisms, but Erasmus place the foundation for Martin Luther.Erasmus pains were those of a delicate body and a sensitive and intellectual mind, amid surrounds which were uncongenial and thusly fatal to any humane culture (Bishop, 135).xiv Whereas this was so, Luthers misery arose from the pains and travail of his moral reputation in his endeavor to find peace with God (Bishop, 135).xv For, it was out of these throes of conscience a great spiritual movement was to be born (Bishop, 135).xvi It was the combination of the significant influence witnessed having been imparted by Erasmus and Martin Luther that eventually instigated the long time coming Protestant Reformation.The Protestant Reformation was the main event occurring during the Renaissance that allowed for the in stitutionalizing of knowledge and new shipway of obtaining and exploring it. The defining characteristic concerning the Protestant Reformation is the collapse of the hierarchical structuring of both this and the other world (Bellah, 368).xvii It was the lead of modern intellectuals, or humanists, such as Erasmus and Luther that proved to be a catalyst to the movement Luther by a spiritual declaration of independence in which he boldly cast off, once and incessantly the ecclesiastical authority of Rome (Bellah, 370).xviii It was the consistency marked by the motivation of the ever evolving humanists, with the newly found sense of confidence toward the ability to influence society that culminated in the beginnings of the Scientific Revolution.During the late Middle Ages ,the application of natural philosophy logic to theology transformed it into an analytic discipline. The extraordinary nature of this switch is manifested when we see the kinds of questions that were routinely dis cussed in the average theological treatise.xix The humanists demands for answers and unceasing attitudes at the time finally paid off. earlier to the Protestant Revolution, the many attempts of humanists to voice their opinion and freely explore their new interests without having to fear the authorities. Historians have accentuate human attitudes and values in this fight for intellectual freedom (Buttimer, 5).xx The Protestant Reformation as a continuation of the beginnings of the humanism movement paved the way for the Scientific Revolution.Before science could have reached the full stop it did in the seventeenth century, there had to be a widespread use of reason and reasoned analysis. The medieval universities supplied the intellectual context for all of Western Europe. They developed a new approach to nature (Grant, 420).xxi The new religious organization allowed for intellectuals and humanists of the time to truly pursue their ideas that were in opposition to previously exis ting knowledge that had been universally accepted as being true. Overall this culmination of the split between Church and State, the power granted to the individual due to the Protestant Reformation, and the defining characteristics of humanism during the Renaissance were the leading factors in the birth of the Scientific Revolution.Intellectuals in the seventeenth century soon came to view the world and universe as neer before. For example, it was now known that rather than existing in an earth-centered universe, they were in fact living in a sun-centered universe. Famous figures in history existing at this time continued the already established tradition, and were able to impart great influence. These figures include, but are not limited to, Galileo, Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, and Isaac Newton. There emerged a shift from mentation the abstract, such subjects that previous philosophers had once been dedicated to, to pondering and experimenting the physical world around them. Prior to this time, Aristotle, Galen and Ptolemy were relied on for foundations concerning the fields of physics, medicine, and astronomy.Just as there were certain individuals and movements that laid the foundations previously, there are also those researchers who were trusty for the carrying on of life into the Scientific Revolution. It remained for Galileo, however, to apply the mean speed theorem to the motion of real falling bodies and to meditate and experiment to determine if bodies really fall with uniform acceleration. Thus began the new science of mechanics and the beginnings of modern physics (Grant, 421).xxii Before Galileo was even able to begin his investigations concerning the previous, it was essential that the events and transformations during the fifteenth to sixteenth centuries occurred. More modern discoveries attributed to the seventeenth century and furthermore during the Enlightenment, would have been seriously delayed had this transformation not occurred. P eople were finally granted the power, and discovered a new found sense of confidence when it came to the pursuit of new knowledge and ideas. If it had not been for this fight, individuals like Galileo would have had this job to do themselves.It is important to note that the culmination of the Scientific Revolution did originate with the great scientific minds of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, from the likes of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and Newton (Grant, 421).xxiii Furthermore, this historian in particular states that although it is thinkable to insist that the full-blown concept of intertia did not appear before Newton, there can be no denying that Galileo, Pierre Gassendi, and Descartes played a role in opposing the Aristotelian concept that everything that moves must be continuously moved by something else and in suggesting instead that once something was moving perhaps it might simply carry on moving until something else stopped it (Henry, 554).xxivSeveral importan t foundations for the study of nature, and in general life at its core, were products of the Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, and ultimately the Scientific Revolution. If it were not for the perseverance of humanists, and their sense of devotion, the advancements included in the Scientific Revolution may have not come for some time down the road. One of the most important outcomes that is still used as a basis today for scientific experimentation is the scientific method. The scientific method is such that, whatever the weaknesses of human endeavor, scientific truths impart steadily emerge and will come to be recognized and established as a matter of inevitability (Henry, 555).xxv In a way, Henrys definition of the scientific method can be seen as already applying to the transformation that created it.ENDNOTESi Bishop, W. S. B. (1906). The sewanee review. Erasmus,14(2), 129-148. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/ persistent/27530759ii Henry, J. H. (2008). Isis. Ideology, Inevi tability, and the Scientific Revolution, 99(3), 552-559. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/591713iii Geography, Humanism, and Global Concern. Anne Buttimer. Annals of the Association of American Geographers , Vol. 80, No. 1 (Mar., 1990), pp. 1-33.iv Bishop, W. S. B. (1906). The Sewanee review. Erasmus,14(2), 129-148. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/27530759v Nauert, C. G. N. (1998). The sixteenth century journal.Humanism as mode grow of Conflict with the Scholastics , 29(2), 427-438. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/2544524.vi Bishop, W. S. B. (1906). The Sewanee review. Erasmus,14(2), 129-148. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/27530759vii Nauert, C. G. N. (1998). The sixteenth century journal.Humanism as system Roots of Conflict with the Scholastics , 29(2), 427-438. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/2544524.viii Nauert, C. G. N. (1998). The sixteenth century journal.Humanism as Method Roots of Conflict with the Scholastics , 29 (2), 427-438. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/2544524ix Nauert, C. G. N. (1998). The sixteenth century journal.Humanism as Method Roots of Conflict with the Scholastics , 29(2), 427-438. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/2544524x Nauert, C. G. N. (1998). The sixteenth century journal.Humanism as Method Roots of Conflict with the Scholastics , 29(2), 427-438. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/2544524xi Nauert, C. G. N. (1998). The sixteenth century journal.Humanism as Method Roots of Conflict with the Scholastics , 29(2), 427-438. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/2544524xii Bellah, R. N. B. (1964). American sociological review.Religious Evolution, 29(3), 358-374. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/2091480 xiii Nauert, C. G. N. (1998). The sixteenth century journal.Humanism as Method Roots of Conflict with the Scholastics , 29(2), 427-438. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/2544524xiv Bishop, W. S. B. (1906). The sewanee review. Erasmus ,14(2), 129-148. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/27530759xv Bishop, W. S. B. (1906). The sewanee review. Erasmus,14(2), 129-148. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/27530759xvi Bishop, W. S. B. (1906). The sewanee review. Erasmus,14(2), 129-148. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/27530759xvii Bellah, R. N. B. (1964). American sociological review.Religious Evolution, 29(3), 358-374. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/2091480 xviii Bellah, R. N. B. (1964). American sociological review.Religious Evolution, 29(3), 358-374. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/2091480 xix Grant, E. G. (2004). Scientific Imagination in the Middle Ages.

Different Styles of Recent British Prime Ministers Essay

Different Styles of new-made British Prime Ministers - Essay ExampleAmongst the most renowned prime ministers in Britain are such as Winston Churchill who led Britain during the second world war, Margaret Thatcher who is commonly referred to as the iron lady, John study and Lloyd George (Bennister, 2012). This backchat looks into the similarities and differences in leadership approaches of latest British prime ministers. These are john major, Tony Blair, Gordon Brown and the incumbent David Cameron. Major John rose to the position of prime minister after serving for 11 age in parliament Blair became the prime minister after serving for fourteen years. Gordon Brown waited for twenty five years before bonnie prime minister, and the current Prime Minister Cameron took nine years before becoming prime minister. Prime ministers govern depending on their styles of management. Major John was accommodative and tolerant, allowing a greater physique of opinion. He stressed on consensus and collegiality, giving the department as much autonomy as possible. He rarely interfered with the decision making of departments during tenure (Bennister, 2012). Tony Blair is known for his authoritative style having developed a rest for enforcing strong discipline both in his party and cabinet. Blair assigned discretion to strong ministers prepared to appraise the government without question. His autocratic style attracted criticism of assuming presidential powers. Cameron leadership is characterized by several policies, the bulk of which are propelled by the need to trim down the government expenditure. Having secured mooring in 2010, Cameron came in office at a time when Britain was grappling with economic downtowns. The following valu qualifieds will be the basis of evaluation leadership styles and aptitude. These are proficiency and communication skills, political skills, emotional intelligence, organizational capacity and policy vision. advance and communication skills Tony Blair has an outstanding proficiency in public communication, usually described as an exciting politician, who is able to interact well with the media. His strong control over the governments message was highly happy in imposing unity and projecting an image of competence. How Blair managed communications during the 1999 Kosovo war, was an illustration of this skill. On the other hand, Major John and Gordon Brown are not proficient and good communicators (Bennister, 2012). Cameron is also known for his communication skills, which is heighten by background in television. Organizational capacity Cameron noticeable organization skills are his self say-so and inner motivation. He strives to excel and accomplish objectives. He sets intricate goals and works on how the objectives will be accomplished. His strong communication skills enable him to respond positively to setbacks whenever they occur. He is able to remain calm on a lower floor strenuous circumstances. Cameron organi zational capacity has been put under criticism as a result of his judgments with regards to constitute government appointments. Major John had a strong organizational capacity due to his democratic leadership. His die hard had few ad hoc cabinet meetings and fewer ad hoc committees to compete for a central position in policy making. Tony Blair and Gordon Brown had less organizational capacities, and usually struggled to find arrangements that suited them.

Developing an integrated Marketing Mix Plan for a new brand (TEA) Research Paper

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Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Psychology - Essay ExampleI begin to focus solely of my attention on this tooth, wiggling it more and more. The tooth does not hurt when I wiggle it, unless I am sure that if I raise just work the tooth loose, I will be able to get relief from the autocratic feelings I am having.Finally, the tooth pulls free and I have an instant feeling of relief. I feel so good to have that loose tooth out of my calculate But almost immediately, I feel as though I need to check again for another loose tooth so that I can increase my amount of relief. I have had this moon several times over the course of my life. virtually times, I have followed this process to remove as many as three teeth from my head before the dream ends.I really am not sure about what to make of this dream. I hypothecate I have connected it to concerns about my personal safety. I have always had this dream when I have been living in dangerous neighborhoods or under dangerous circumstances. I think that part of me is con cerned about my safety and so I need to do something extraordinary in order to ensure my safety.But why pulling my own teeth? How is that going to make me safer? I know that it is irrational, but my teeth are something I have great pride in. They are the unrivaled part of my body that is flawless. I have never had braces or a cavity. I go int need to whiten or treat them in any way other than raw material hygiene. I believe that my dream represents my willingness to do anything to stay safe when I am in fractious or dangerous circumstances. That includes making great personal sacrifices for my own safety and I hope, the safety of those that I love.This dream is a highly visual dream. I often only have dreams about feelings, but in this dream the colors were vivid. I am in a lush forest. The trees and grasses are all the deepest shades of green. It is not lush in a tropical sense, but more in a fairytale sense. There are bugs and all manner

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International marketing designing guide - Essay ExampleHowever, understanding of the market conditions in Qatar for efficient service delivery and success of the marketing channels for use by the university is mandatory. This study aims at analyzing the international set that will fit the Qatar market to be adopted by Marywood University for success in openinging international students from Qatar. The different aspects of price will be used to analyze the qualities of the Qatar market to provide insight to effective pricing mechanism for the Qatar market.The full(prenominal) hire in Qatar results in low price sensitivity for formal university institutions. However, for a new catechumen in the market the prices have to conform to the levels of pricing to the Qatar market, owing to sensitivity to new universities in the parting and the need for quality education (Ibp, 209). After some time, the prices can be adjusted upwards when Marywood University has established a high acc eptance in Qatar and has convinced the public and the regulatory authorities of the quality of its programs twain graduate and undergraduate.There are many substitutes for education in Qatar from both international and local universities and the pricing have to reflect the rates offered by the competition, if not better to allow for augmented market grapple (Ibp, 203). The most notable competition in Qatar is Qatar University offering both graduate and undergraduate programs. Therefore, using the prices offered at Qatar University, Marywood University should develop prices to meet these needs at a region of QAR 176,191.A high and continuously change magnitude demand for university education exists in Qatar owing to the few Qataris having attained high education levels to allow them to access jobs requiring high skills and understanding (Abougomaah, 67). There has been an increased need by the Qatar government to reverse the use of exceedingly skilled expatriates resulting in hig h demand for education in Qatar. The current and expected future demand for

Effective Time Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Effective Time Management - Research Paper ExampleProductivity, delivery, and succeeder of a trade union movement are aspects that are determined by earlier plans and management in the project resources, scope, and other factors. When the initiation, planning, and execution are victorfully achieved and controlled, then the completion phase which gives the end product, quality delivery, and success in the general project is attained without crisis. There are many factors that do work all these activities, still with effective eon management every crisis is managed and the positive factors are used to perfect the project accomplishment. Badiru identifies the eightsome functional areas that embody project management practice scope, time, quality, cost, communication, human resources, contract, and the risk that have to be managed for their influence in project implementation, productivity, and successful delivery. Other factors affecting success are leadership and organization. Wi th effective time management, the management allocates not only the activities the required time to be performed, but finds quality time to prize the project progress this is because time management allows adept to become flexible enough, being where or doing what one is required to do at the right time. Divakar and Subramanian classify the critical success factors as strategic and tactical (personnel selection and training, and client consultation). Basically, the effort, plans, and motivations set in the process of planning projects determine the final actions complete it.

Impacts Globalization on the E-Commerce Assignment

Impacts Globalization on the E-Commerce - Assignment ExampleGlobalization has thereby evolved overtime posing a significant impact on geographical scope, cross-national intensity, and local and national economy (Globalization 101.)As a businessman in the U.S, I have been able to enter the market of China by establishing three online stores to operate there. The aim of international integration with China is to expand my online store business that already exists in New York City. The stores consist of several unique items starting from furniture, mattresses and table linens to a variety of cosmetics. other service include a vast selection of excellent clothing for both men and women of high-quality brands such as epic threads, style and co, and American Rag. In addition, they offer various collections of worlds surpass b go forthiques with high-quality labels such as Calvin Klein, DKNY, Hugo Boss, Donna Karan, and Giorgio Armani. However, although several customers walk in the stor es for purchasing of products, most of them are limited by distance and, therefore, rely on online purchase methods which are highly dependent on the internet system. emolument in telecommunication networks and increased use of the internet are two main globalization features which have, therefore, contributed to my achievement in the market (Dua 244).One of the major impacts of globalization on the online stores is the enhancement of e-commerce. E-commerce is the purchasing and selling of goods and services by customers and businesses through an electronic medium, in the absence of any paper documents (Lakshmi).Through e-commerce, it has become easier for the stores to carry out product display, ordering procedures, and payment and delivery procedures. Customers accessing the stores website are able to view the lists of goods offered, the location of the stores, and the catalog on each product.