Structure and Characteristics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Structure and Characteristics - Research Paper ExampleThe Chinese existence during 1980s was around 1 billion. The slow growth rate o the tribe can be attributed to one child policy. In the next few decades, the population of china is anticipate to enlarge. Reasons for this expected step-up are a decline in infant mortality rate and also a sudden decrease in death rate due to the improvement in national health. though the population is expected to rise even more, however, around 2030s, it is anticipated to reach its peak level and indeed decline gradually. Another such country that I have taken up is Germany. Germany along with few other European countries have a substantially low growth rate of population. The German population has crossed 82 million long before. Since 1990s, population of Germany has increased considerably. The main reason behind this increase was immigration, i.e. entry of individuals in the country. Infact, it is also assumed that if Germany did not witness immigration, its population would have been shrinking ofttimes like that of Czech Republic. However, in the near future, the total expected population of Germany is expected to decline. According to destatis.de, in the coming decades, the population will decline due to decline in birth rates and increase in birth rates. Life expectancy will increase and birth rate will treat to fall in future.

HR Strategy Achieving Quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HR Strategy Achieving Quality - Essay ExampleHowever, in order to make it much official, they will request the employers to consent to it in case of employee violation, or the labor matings could sue the employer. (Deming, 1986)In the offspring that the 14 principles are against the requirements of a given fraternity, the unions can instigate the push for legal action in an area that concerns the interested parties. In the case of an employer, the trade union will not support that which is against the rights of the workers. Similarly, union can also hinder the principles if through them the employer will be violating the rights of the employees participation in a trade union. (Deming, 1986)To begin with, is if the union supports the principles intended to benefit both parties (employers and employees) second, are the principles opposed by the union positive or negative third, are unions willing to deliberate on a matter to buzz off to an agreement fourth, does the union address the needs of the members finally, does union negatively or positively affect the employers or employees. (Deming,

Persuasive text analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Persuasive text analysis - look for Exampleargues that it has been a historical fact that privileged groups give up their freedoms voluntarily. Luther uses the argument to parade firmness and societal discrimination against the fewer fortunate groups (Gossen 2). Moreover, he reflects back to the historical instances of injustice as he takes the reader on some of the important aspects that used to happen in the past. Besides, apology of his campaigns in Birmingham develops from the command as he points out freedom of speech to the oppressed in the society. According to the analysis of the text, non only does Luther outline ideas on how historical perspectives have oppressed the present generation, but also tries to show the evolution in the present quantifys, which how the society should be treated with dignity today.The reply discloses facts on how divers(a) unexclusive groups need to be given the freedom of expression without the influence of historical ideologies. He affect s polite life by inciting them on their rights and privileges that they need to fight for without any fear or favor.Luther, in the letter, retort to say that natives have waited for more than 340 years for their God-given and constitutional rights realization. He shows that time has passed for more than enough time for notification of their rights and freedom for them to live freely and peacefully. Consequently, he justifies that their protest was the right thing to get intricate in, after the abuse of their rights over so many years.Luther emphasizes on time as a justification for their protest and time as an essence factor for changes within a society (Bella 2). On public disclosure, Luther tries to show more than enough time already given, to make changes, but they have failed in their duties (The editors 2). It forces the protestors to look to for change, without any further push. Therefore, their protest was more than necessary and relevant for them to fight for denied righ ts, for so many years.The arguments and

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

International Business - Essay ExampleInternational BusinessAs organisations begin to go bad in international markets structural and environmental complexity and uncertainty increases. If the domestic environment can be labelled uncertain, the international melodic line environment is doubly so. (Mascarenhas 1982) International managers must know that international business environment is multidimensional that includes cultural differences, political risks, exchange risks, legal and revenueation regulations. According to Mascarenhas the multiple factors a multinational faces due to environmental uncertainty are foreign exchange uncertainty, political uncertainty, and employment problems. stock-still most experts of international business environment believe that it can be classified into four categories administrative, engineering, entrepreneurial, and regulatory. much recently, Guisinger (2001) has put forward some of the main features of international business environment. Th ey are culture, legal system, political risk, income profile, tax regimes, exchange rate, and restrictions.Culture may be described as the values, beliefs and attitudes of a country. These tell apart 1 country from an new(prenominal). International managers need to be aware of this while they travel, communicate or negotiates with people of other countries. Cultural differences are extremely important. An organization must give top priority to learning the foreign countrys proper cultural practices as well as cultural taboo.

Describe what you see Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Describe what you see - Essay ExampleThe statue is wearing a tunica and tights, decorated with a long fur coat, which has puffed sleeves, seeming pleasantly anachronistic against the background adorned by the premises of the State Community College. The legs of the statue are short, thick and firm, depicting a pachyderm like equilibrium and strength. The hands are comparatively shapely and long, signifying the sophistication of the Western civilization. The facial features of the statue are lean, masculine and imbued with determination, resembling a mountain like stability and solidity. The statue is about as high as a young oak tree, commensurately solid and firm. The forehead is slim and slightly furrowed, evincing the determination of a crouching lion. The eyes are almond regulate and gazing ahead, akin to a search light like focus. Overall the contours of the statue are bold, monolithic, and round, accentuating the solidity of the marble jounce from which it was

Job analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Job epitome - Essay ExampleHe or she volition be required comprise files, respond to band c alones, process and review forms for alterations, maintain personal files, help the employees and clients, scrutinize payroll items and staff time, execute all personnel administrative functions, manage directors calendar, type as required, deal with office mail, and all other assigned duties. The enlisting is from all areas because this will help identify the best candidate for the job. The recruitment will last for one month. This short period will only attract applicants who are qualified, competitive, and consecrated (Brannick & Levine, 2002).First, all applicants should be eligible to plump in the country. The selection methods will include interviews and presentations. Interviews will abide the company with knowledge and first hand information about the suitability of the applicants. The applicants goals, philosophies and ambitions, should match the companys. Interviews will give a ccurate and essential information on the applicants. Presentations will provide deep information on the applicants, as opposed to the materials like CVs. Presentations illustrate how the applicant will act in a effect situation. It also gives an applicant a chance to display his or her ability (Torrington & Hall, 2005).Cathy is thorough, competent, neat, and accurate. She ensures that all duties pertaining to the human imagination department are accomplished in considerable time and can be accessed. She uses her time rise and meets deadlines. She comprises files, responds to phone calls, processes and reviews forms for alterations, maintains personal files, helps the employees and clients, and performs any other assigned duties. Moreover, she understands the job concerns and procedures. Cathy is also cooperative and can work efficiently without supervision (Muchinsky, 2006).It is essential to invest in a job position that matches its own needs. A recruitment plan can be devised fr om ideas derived from similar

Does Free Trade Exist in Reality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Does Free backing Exist in Reality - Essay ExampleThis research will begin with the statement that as the world rotates, the flow of sell among earths also circles around those that are involved in it. Basically, these nations engage in alternate for the benefit of the economy and the establishment of alliances. The common perception of many regarding the concept of expel business deal wind based on the word itself is that it is a free form of plow and that anybody or any nation may enter any marketplace without having to deal with any complexities because certainly, it is free. This conventional idea of free trade is to some degree justifiable however, the non-vulnerability of free trade to any complexities is something that needs a more summary explanation. Because if one will consider free trade as trade without complexities, then the entrance of prohibited objects from one nation to another is possible, but if a free trade will become display case to a particular numbe r of restrictions, then its administration becomes less complicated. According to Colton, free trade is an potent show. It leads many people to believe that commerce means freedom, that ports are open to all traders, and trade backside be done anywhere to anyone. He further argued that these notions may seem reasonable enough with beginning to the meaning of the word free, but the enchanting character of these phrases is actually misleading. Because of the true definition behind the phrase free trade, lies in the opposite of the obvious meaning that it expresses. Therefore, Colton justifies the idea that free trade is not inherently free that it is subject to laws and regulations, which impedes the assumption of its being free. Rather than formulate a concise definition of free trade, scholars opted to assume that free trade has an understandable (yet vague) definition. Driesen has stated that in academic writings and in the see decisions of the General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GAAT), vague impairment such as trade barriers and trade restrictions are being used to exemplify the things that trade must become the free form of. However, the presence of these terms still does not help in the formulation of an exact definition of free trade. It goes to show that, in spite of free trades long existence, its concept has remained broad and ill-defined. Baggini and Fost have taken as an example the justice of free trade. They have stated that when it comes to providing a definition of free trade, many do consider it as trade, which is not disrupted by any local or international trade restrictions. This meaning according to some philosophers refers to a fixed definition of free trade based on the thought of the words itself however, with this definition, many people will argue that they have a precise or more appropriate definition of the term. These arguments will eventually result in varied justifications of free trade leading to contrasting conclusions i n due regard to its justice. Creating clear definitions of difficult concepts as claimed by Baggini and Fost is of the essence(p) to refrain from having further discussions with its definition. The development of a single definition of free trade is still at the stage of discussions therefore, its definition may vary and is still unfixed. Thus, a clear definition of free trade has to be developed not based on the term itself but based on its natural covering in the world of trade, to put an end to this confusion. Hence, it can be said that free trade refers to the remissness of barriers to international trade, barriers that hinder its smooth sailing entrance to the international market.

Minimum Wages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Minimum Wages - Essay ExampleThe workers who argon having relatively more expertise in a certain job than the unskilled ones are categorized in semi skilled market. (A) With the engross of diagrams illust come out and explain the likely effect of the introduction of minimum wage legislation on elbow grease markets over time. Answer The rates of minimum wage can vary across jurisdictions. The concerned authorities are entitled to set the minimum amount of wage for the workers. The indicators that minimizes the loss of jobs as well as maintains international competitiveness is used to set the initial minimum wage. The general economic conditions like touchable and nominal rates of gross domestic product, the supply and demand of labor force, and the level of inflation lively within the economy, the different terms of employment and costs of labor and business operation, the standard of living are taken into consideration as well. In a perfectly competitive labor market many anoth er(prenominal) firms are in contender in hiring workers. The firms lack the world-beater to set wages and the wage rate is determined by the market. If a firm deviated from that wage it losses by paying higher and gains if it pays lesser. In employer dominated labor markets there is a collection of some small local markets. Some firms ravish the dominant position and a major employer has the capability to set the wage rate for the workers without the fear of competition from other firms (Flinn, 2010, p. 3).. In both the cases there are large numbers of workers and each of them has a mental reservation wage. The worker may not work if the wage rate is below his reservation wage. The relationship mingled with the participants in the labor market and the market wage is regarded as labor supply and denoted by the upward(a) sloping arch. The effect of the introduction of minimum wage legislation depends on the type of labor market. The employers power on wage decisions is dependent on whether the market is competitive or not. Two scenarios can be taken under consideration. The diagram below shows two market structures. Bothe panels have the supply and the demand curve for labor. The wage rate is envisioned on the X-axis while total labor force N is depicted on the

How does the distributional role of the state (in income Essay

How does the distributional role of the state (in income redistribution and the alleviation of poverty) conflict with the aim of economic efficiency - Essay ExampleThe market system does not guarantee that everyone will imbibe the same opportunity to accumulate wealth and once an inequality in the distribution of wealth arises it tends to be self perpetuating because wealth can be inherited. (SJ Grant 2000).It is a general characteristic of developing countries that income is unequally distributed. Partly, because the income generating assets especially land argon owned by the few. As a result we can expose great extremes of both the bass and the poor. In 1998 for example the World Bank figures show that in Peru the poorest 20% of the population had only 4.4percent of total household income, while the richest 20% had 51.3% of total household income. These great extremes of the rich and the poor mean that in developing countries deprivation is very common.The distribution of incom e can be examined in two main ways .One is by examining the distribution of income between the factors of production. In this case the wages notice for the largest percentage but the share of income has fallen over the years. Another way of examining the distribution of income is to examine how liquid income is distributed. Disposable income mainly consists of incomes that are derived from factor services together with various forms of cash benefits, i.e. social security payments etc . Minus direct taxes i.e. income taxes and national insurance contributions.Two very vital elements in the income of households of distribution are the investment income and the income derived from self employment. The unequal distribution of wealth is a major cause of the inequality in the distribution of income.Gross Inequalities in the distributions of income and wealth lead to feelings of unfairness because , quite apart from creating inequalities in vivacious standards , they lead to inequaliti es of opportunities in living standards ,they lead to inequalities of opportunity. The wealthy can buy

International Business and Cultural Diversity Essay - 1

International Business and Cultural mutation - Essay ExampleIn the modern, contemporary society, one of the most overused terms is culture (Samovar, Porter and McDaniel 2012). fit to Schein 2010, culture can be divided into four broad categories. These argon macro cultures, subcultures, organizational cultures and micro-cultures (Bosshardt 2006). civilization is a dynamic phenomenon and a canonical background structure that has the effect of influencing us in a wide variety of ways. It is everlastingly changing and reenacted by our constant interactions with other people and is progressively molded by our own behavior.The main connection between culture and leadership can clearly be seen in microcultures and organizational cultures where the culture in such systems is usually thought of as the end direct of the embedding that an organizations founder or leader within the group has imposed upon it and it with positive results (Schein, 2010). nicety can also be broadly defined as a set of shargond determine like beliefs, norms, behaviors, attitudes, material objects and symbolic resources. Basically speaking it can be thought of as the basic rules for functioning and living within a given society (Samovar, Porter and McDaniel 2012).Variables can broadly be defined as items that we can control, measure or even manipulate enchantment performing research. They are viewed as characteristics that give the potential of having more than one value or score. They can be viewed as being relatively straightforward for instance when we consider variables such as income or age while sometimes they can be viewed as being relatively abstract such as when we are considering items such as a degree of prejudice or even social class (Inglehart and Welzel 2007). Researchers constantly analyze variables in order to determine how they end up influencing each other.Social variables can be viewed as logical sets of attributes. An attribute of a person is either male or female w ill have the main variable of gender or sex (Weinstein 2005).

Time Traveling, Art Historian Book Chapters Essay

Time Traveling, Art Historian halt Chapters - Essay ExampleAs I step into the machine, I think of the dots of time and the great plant life that provide be there when I arrive. I took the greatest care in detail, the clothing prepared, my manner of speaking skills perfectly honed to a time and place, as well as history can inform me, although I am sure things will not be fully as I expect them to be once I arrive. I sit into the contraption, its cold steel lying under its camouflage, an exterior that wait onms to be a wooden platform with a structure around it, resembling something of a small shack to be set down in out of the way alleys, calculated to exist, or within outlying avenues that jut out the nature of such a building. The shack would fool anyone who looked at it, its nature defined by its purpose. I step into the machine, the slight hum filling my ears and buzzing my senses as it begins to stir up through time. I declare set the dials under the panel so that I wil l appear where I desire, and then remain firm in the center, closing my eyes because the feeling of moving through time disturbs my sight, a detail that more or less others do not feel when they are given the privilege of using the machine. I cannot wait to see this place, the time and moment that I sop up decided to enter Rome, her majesty impressive in the present, which will most likely impress me more in its past. My eyes shut, I let the hum move over me until it even-tempereds, and I assume that I have entered the right space and time, the slight strange go as I appear affirming the very human need for noise, something to announce to the rider that he or she has arrived. The sound, very much like the clicks on a computer as one touches the only ifton, the noise created bonnie to appease the user. Chapter One The Sistine Chapel I cautiously open the door, seeing that I have arrived in the alley as I expected, stepping out of the machine, I see that it looks very inwrough tly, like a make-do shack that was erected to temporarily house someone of no means from bits and scraps. I can see that it is not, but most people who would not know that it was there, would not think anything, or at least much, roughly its presence. As I take a breath, it feels like for a moment it is knocked from me as quickly as I breath in, the scent of the city foreign, both lacking something and feeling something added, my hand automatically feeler up to cover my mouth as I try to adjust to the odor. The lack of automobiles assaults my senses as I draw in a breath, feeling it catch from its foreign taste as it hits the back of my throat. It takes a few minutes for me to be able to breath more easily, which then leads me to feel the discomfort of my clothing, weighted and cumbersome now that I am out of the impart conditioned lab and in the air of the year 1511. As I step into the streets of Rome, I realize that more than just time changes from period to period. The air, t he feel of the sun as it beats down to a still protected earth, the ozone layer still intact and providing filtration, all make a difference in the taste of life during that time period. Italy has that natural glow of amber, as if the olives have broken open and become airborne, and this is heavier and more beautiful than I have ever experienced in modern day Rome. I ache to see the countryside and experience its beauty, pure and whole before technology stripped it of its beauty, but I have a task that I must accomplish. I must see the Sistine Chapel before it was the Sistine Chapel and still the reconstructed genus Gallinago Magna, letting my eyes rest upon the newly painted

Human Resource Issues - evaluate the scenarios provided Essay

benevolent Resource Issues - evaluate the scenarios provided - Essay ExampleOrganizations which employ multidisciplinary team approach thrive well in the turbulent business environment because it guarantees quality religious service delivery. The desire by the crockeds executive director to embrace multidisciplinary team approach is appropriate because it ensures that the cheek meet the varied and complex needs of the patients. In order to achieve this, the firm should pursue innovative research, which is relayed to the patient care technicians through in-house training. It is critical for the firm to employ interactive methods of training (Buchbinder & Shanks, 2012).According to Buchbinder and Shanks (2012), accurate and precise job descriptions are paramount for an organization personnel management. In order to realize this, an organization must assay job analysis. In this scenario, the closing by the administrator to pursue job analysis is crucial. To realize effective resu lts of job analysis, the administrator should undertake research on other job description resources, request existing employees to write their job duties, retrospect the organizations documents and interview individuals who occupy related positions in the organizations.The firm can attract sassy clients by offering health care services that are outstanding in the market. Therefore, the plans by the ambulant care clinic to acquire new diagnostic imaging equipment shows firms commitment to quality service delivery. However, the acquisition of this equipment has far-reaching implications on human resource management. As such, it is important for the firm to consider availability of the amend expertise to use the technology and the economic effects on the organization. The organization must also doer its business strategy when making the decision to acquire the equipment (Buchbinder & Shanks,

Best marketing practices in travel trade industry Essay

outflank marketing practices in travel trade industry - Essay ExampleIn this Best marketing practices in travel trade industry essay, the author describes the changes that the Internet has brought into travel industry and also possibilities that it gave. This employment also portrays the best examples of travel marketing on the Internet. To get an idea about the optimal and more than advanced way of travel marketing through internet an example of YellowstonePark.com is cited. The online travel comp some(prenominal) YellowstonePark.com is voted the take one tourism site of the world with about 60 million hits recorded. (Online Marketing Strategies for last ground forces 2009, 2009) The company focuses on a policy where it does not only promotes the trip planning to the customers but eventually inspires them. The tourism site intelligently uses destination-focuses travel notes which engage the customers more. The average time spent by any customer is about 15 minutes. (Online M arketing Strategies for Travel USA 2009, 2009) The company also uses email as one of the major cost effective sources to turn the web browsers into actual visitors and finally converting them into customers. (Online Marketing Strategies for Travel USA 2009, 2009) The feedback process and the other interactive internet uses actually increase the popularity of the site and also for the company. It should be noted that the level of negotiation between the different service providers will influence the electronic transmission line transactions to a significant level. (Velasquez, Rios, Howlett, Jain, 2009, p.103).

States Pursuing Empires Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

States move Empires - Essay Examplepolitical control by some political societies over the effective sovereignty of other political societies and that it can be achieved by force, by political collaboration, by economic, amicable or cultural dependence. (19)There be numerous reasons why states pursue empire-building. Economic motives however is the most applicable among these. The case of Western Europe, for instance, highlights this with the intensified political, economic, and military competition among rivals for resources, which by nature were scarce at either given time in any given place. (Deng 1999, p. 207) Here, European states and chartered companies such as the British East India Company and the Portuguese Estado da India, among others, sought new sources of wealth, which resulted to the sudden unleashing of market power, the spectacular result in trade and the continuous expansion of overseas colonies.In addition, a number of great thinkers stake empire-building as a means defending a countrys economic and political interests. Notoriously, steady Karl Marx agreed in The Communist Manifesto that the gun is the best way to make the point when capitalist economy encountered barbarians. (Marx & Engels 1963) Machiavellis notion of necessita in his Discourse, also fundamentally supports empire building or the expansion of territories as necessary once its dominion had been extended beyond a certain scope. For him, it is important to expand so much so that, as is well known, Machiavelli measures the quality of different possible constitutions for cities by how suitable they are to this end. (Bock, Skinner & Viroli 1990, 37) In his discussion of the Roman Empire, Machiavelli has argued that expansive government is pushed forward by the dialectic of the social and political forces of the Republic.There are those who criticize empire building including its modern version imperialism. Hobson, for example, in Imperialism A Study, wrote that empire-buildi ng denies many traditional

Animal studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Animal studies - Essay ExampleThe quality of a clinical trial is vital and therefrom the scientist should assign deem and sampleal subjects randomly. This reduces the occurrence of bias and favoritism. Blinding of instrumentalists and researchers is also of great importance as concerns the treatment organism bring forthn. Single-blind studies involve the blinding of participants while double-blind involves the blinding of some(prenominal) participants and researchers. epidemiological studies, on the different hand, involve the observation (Thompson & Melinda 33). They argon important in the studying phenomena in bragging(a) populations and the determination of the factors which may be of influence on the phenomena. They indicate the relationships inherent between these factors but do not give a suggestion for data linkage to cause and effect. When conducting a clinical trial, the scientist needs to consider some(prenominal) things. He needs to set up both experimental and have got bases, in which the experimental group is administered with the intervention while the influence group is not (Thompson & Melinda 34). After the experiment is complete, the two results are compared. In an ideal situation, the researcher should design an experiment where the participants in the study are assigned to either the control or experimental groups randomly. This randomization aids in avoiding the elimination of whatever errors that may result from participant favoritism, and to make sure that the two groups are similar for the characteristics and factors that are chthonic study.... The experimental group is precondition the intervention under study while this is not the case with the control group. After experiments on both groups are done, their responses are compared. The quality of a clinical trial is vital and thus the scientist should assign control and experimental subjects randomly. This reduces the occurrence of bias and favouritism. Blinding of parti cipants and researchers is also of great importance as concerns the treatment being given. Single blind studies involve the blinding of participants while double blind involves the blinding of both participants and researchers. Epidemiological studies, on the other hand, involve the observation (Thompson & Melinda 33). They are important in the studying phenomena in large populations and the determination of the factors which may be of influence on the phenomena. They indicate the relationships inherent between these factors but do not give a suggestion for data linkage to cause and effect (Thompson & Melinda 33). When conducting a clinical trial, the scientist needs to consider several things. He needs to set up both experimental and control groups, in which the experimental group is administered with the intervention while the control group is not (Thompson & Melinda 34). After the experiment is complete, the two results are compared. In an ideal situation, the researcher should d esign an experiment where the participants in the study are assigned to either the control or experimental groups randomly. This randomization aids in avoiding the elimination of any errors that may result from participant favouritism, and to make sure that the two groups are similar for the characteristics and factors that are under study. The

Course Work 1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Course Work 1 - Coursework ExampleThe introduction demand to be more(prenominal) specific, using apt effectual terminology, and stating the facts of the skid clearly. Besides, the introduction should withal have identified the terms of annexe of the tap, or the basic point at dispute in the solicit, right at the beginning of the thick and not in the second body passage. In many places, the summary lacks clarity due to spell out errors or failing to follow the appropriate norms of writing. For example, whether is spelt in the second paragraph as brave and the name Pretty has not been capitalised, thus creating a misunderstanding in the readers that the word is used in the sense of an adjective rather than as a name. The summary also fails to use the exact legal terminology while referring to several of the legal aspects of the case. For instance, the term blanket prohibition on euthanasia and assisted suicide has often been referred to as merely blanket that confuses the re aders. In addition, the summary also flouts many conventions of sea captain writing and on occasions relegates itself to the level of an informal talk. The use of contractions and second person POV are whatsoever examples of this. The summary calls for a revision, and rewriting, by meticulously following the usual conventions for writing professional legal summaries. It needs to be outlined properly and structured logically by organising it in an appropriate sequence. The writer also needs to be specific and use proper legal jargons rather than writing in secular language. This will render the text a better flow and cohesiveness apart from clearly communicating the ideas of the writer to the audience. Rewritten Summary An appeal was filed by Nicklinson & others in the Divisional Court against a decision of the European Court of Justice, naming the Director of Public Prosecution (DPP) as prime respondent. The terms of reference for the court were (1) to determine whether necessity constitutes a sufficient reason as demurrer against prosecution in the case of euthanasia or assisted suicide, (2) whether prohibition of assisted suicide constitutes a disproportionate interference with art 8 of ECHR 1950, and (3) whether there is a necessity for DPP to clearly set out the circumstances under which prosecution will be initiated in cases of assisted suicide to make the law more transparent to health care professionals. The appellants, terminally suffering and crucially disabled, did not want to continue their lives but could not self-terminate. Thus, they wanted to look to medical assistance to kill themselves. With the above terms of references and using precedence in such cases, the court held that the case could not be ruled in the appellants (L) favour because such a decision would violate the sanctity of life as envisaged in Article 2. The court further held that it is felonious under Sec 2 of the Suicide Act 2010 and if any person assists another in euth anasia or suicide, he or she will have to be prosecuted for homicide. Further, on the issue of whether necessity constitutes and defence against prosecution in the case of assisted suicide, as in the case of Purdy Vs United Kingdom (2010) AC 45, the court ruled that the blanket prohibition on euthanasia or assisted suicide cannot be construed as disproportionate interference with Article 8 of ECHR 1950, which protects the privacy of a citizen. The court further

Chemistry Research Part 1 Acids Essay Example for Free

Chemistry Research Part 1 Acids EssayEthanoic acid is non-toxic and is a anaemic acid 4, meaning it will non do any damage to most surfaces as it does not corrode or bind to other metals, therefore force out be easily suppressd through washing or rinsing it 2. DisadvantagesEthanoic Acid is the slowest de- subduer of the three acids, and is therefore the least effective. It also whitethorn cause an unpleasant smell, and can have a negative effect on the taste of burnt umber 6 meaning one would need to spend longer time rinsing and cleaning the machine good to ensure that the taste of the coffee is not affected. Citric AcidAdvantagesCitric acid leaves behind zip toxic residues and has just enough acidic concentration to descale without etching or damaging crime syndicate surfaces in any way and there atomic number 18 no volatile compounds or products that harm the environment. DisadvantagesBecause citric acid is a weak acid, it wont remove heavy build-up of scale very qui ckly. It is also a powder hence it must be dissolved for use. It also works best with hot water meaning there will be higher energy consumption. Even when used with hot water, citric acid is not as effective at descaling as Sulfamic acid. Sulfamic AcidAdvantagesSulfamic acid is the fastest de-scaler It dissociates into hydroxonium ions more than readily in aqueous solution than the others, therefore giving a greater concentration of atoms that are able to react with the calcium in lime scale. It is safe to use because it does not produce centiliter gas 5, which can be toxic. Sulfamic acid also has a low volatility. DisadvantagesSulfamic Acid can be an irritant to eyes or skin and is the most expensive of the de-scalers. Q2) How these de-scalers remove limescaleLimescale forms when hard water is heat above 61C or when it is left to evaporate on surfaces such as lights-out and showerheads. Hard water is water that contains high quantities of calcium and magnesium ions. These har dness minerals, in the form of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, precipitate out of hard water to form limescale 1.Therefore, to clean or remove limescale, something needs to dissolve or soften calcium carbonate and/or magnesium carbonate, so it can easily wash away. Acids cause mineral deposits such as rust to oxidise, thereby weakening them and reservation it possible to simply wash them away. Lime scale removers work by chemically reacting with the lime scale to form safe chemicals and ions.Lime scale is atomic number 20 Carbonate, and when broken down by strong acids, produces Calcium Chloride, Water and CO2. These are much safer, and can be washed away with water, to remove the CaCl from the area. Bibliography1 http//www.dynapipe.co.uk/how-to-remove-limescale.htm2 http//www.coffeehomedirect.com/how/to/clean/a/coffee/maker/with/vinegar 3 http//www.ehow.co.uk/how_7404899_delime-coffee-maker.html 4 http//incarinsurance.org/advantages/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-usin g-ethanoic-acid-as-a-descaler-.html 5 http//uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20130123013345AA71LkB 6 http//www.p4c.philips.com/cgi-bin/dcbint/cpindex.pl?scy=ZAslg=ENGctn=HD5405/60dct=FAQrefnr=0092154view=aa12_view_partial.htmlsession=20120502004843_66.249.71.242faqview=1

The end of the book Essay Example for Free

The end of the book EssayMr and Mrs Birling are holding onto a pretence and are proud and do non want to be prove wrong. Unlike Sheila who has reverse humbled through this conversation in the evening.After the family discover that the Inspector was a hoax, Sheila mollify does not believe he came to trick them she thinks he came to see the Birlings and Gerald a lesson about unselfishness and caring for separates or else than themselves. She says that the facts are still the same, that the family were still very selfish and uncaring. Sheila is the compositors case who has learnt the most. Her refusal to retake the engagement ring shows that she has fledged at the end of the evening. She approaches Gerald in a different manner, as she now understands that she doesnt know Gerald properly, the way she should. She has to shekels all over again to get to know him. She realises that she and Gerald must be honest with each other if theres to be any relationship between them. She says, You and I arent the same people who sat down to dinner party here. Wed have to start all over again, getting to know each otherthither could be many explanations for why Sheila Birling responding to the Inspectors and why her father Mr Birling did not. Sheila reacted very positively and understood the Inspector because the Inspector was asking at her lever a level that she would understand.Sheila is more of a slender character and is very vulnerable someone can very easily make her change her views. Since she is still young, and she is not set in her ways, she has not yet created her own philosophies and ideas as her father has she can be influenced by the opinions of other, especially as this Inspector had an imposing presence and also used very mad tactics to convey his message.As proven at the end of the play, the Inspector was in reality not an Inspector. The author leaves us in suspense as to who this may be.I believe, Mr Goole could be a collectivized who has been studying the case of Eva Smith for many years and now realizes all the trouble she has gone through, decides to teach the Birlings a lesson, as to show them how selfish they are.He could also be a prophetic character from the unreal world, like for example, an angel or a fairy come on behalf of the poor loaded young Eva, again solely to teach the family a lesson.Mr Goole could also be a friend or relative of Eva Smith who cares about Eva and is very upset and angry about how she has been treated, therefore comes to avenge her oppressors in some way.He could be some sort of prophet or messenger come from perfection to avenge the poor girl and to teach the Birlings something important.He could be a polite Inspector from another(prenominal) district who came to work on the case.J.B. Priestley is a sociologist and in the play, the Inspector expounds many socialist ideas about having a fair world, etc. Therefore, the Inspector is representing Mr Priestley as a sociologist to convey his message to viewers.The Inspectors articulatio is also the authors voice all the authors ideas and philosophies are portrayed as correct with the help of the Inspector and Mr Birling, who is a capitalist and proven wrong at the end of the book.

Welcoming and acceptance speech Essay Example for Free

accept and acceptance speech EssayHello everyone. Good afternoon to all of you. My name is Wana. On behalf of Cherries Tours Id alike(p) to welcome you all to Pangkor islands. The boat ride to your resort will take about fifteen minutes. I just want to say some a couple of(prenominal) friendly reminders before we reach our destination. Firstly you mustiness always baffle your trash in proper disposal and secondly dont provide your things unattended. I promise to all of you that we are going to enjoy your stay here in Teluk Dalam shore Resort. For your information Teluk Dalam Beach Resort in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia is made more photogenic by Malay-architectural style chalets, bungalows and villas. Paradise by the sea, Teluk Dalam Beach Resort complements the natural beauty of this unspoiled island. You coffin nail relax, sit by the beach, enjoy great meals and feel very safe. Actually, Cherries tours offer a variety of particular(a) discounts depending on your travel plans. We have snorkeling packages, as well as guided round island trigger boat tours, and Fishing Safari. There will be a short information session at 8am in the lobby of the resort tomorrow where you can learn all about these offers. We recommend that you do not purchase packages from street vendors as they are not always 100 percent reliable. They withal may charge you more than what they say. Please take my advice and allow Cherries tours to book all of your day trips and activities bit you are here. Were going to be pulling up to the resort in just a few minutes. Please sit back and enjoy the view of the ocean. I ask that you remain in your place until we have come to a complete stop. Mr. Kamal will be meeting us at the rampart to help you with your bags. Please double check to make sure your bag has been taken off the boat. On behalf of Cherries Tours, have a wonderful vacation in Pangkor Island and I hope to see you tomorrow at the information session. Thank you.Acceptance speechDanny Thomas once said Success in demeanor has nothing to do with what you gain in keep or accomplish for yourself. Its what you do for others. It is such an reward to be recognized as the Volunteer of the Year. Actually, this award not only belongs to me it also belongs to all smart sets tender that helps the Treasure supervise organization. For me, you have all made a differencein the lives of thousands of children and teens fighting genus Cancer. Ill admit that when I first signed up to help at a we care we serve event, it was just as an excuse to get out of the office. However, it only took that one volunteer event to show me just how many young heap there are in our residential district who need a role model, someone to inspire them, or just somebody to shoot hoop with them on every Friday. When the first time I saw them, I wished there was no cancer in this world, but we see cancer is all around us and know that it doesnt care who it hits. From t hat moment, I realize as a group member of this organization I must help to put that smile on the faces of those who suffer. Id like to thank the people at Treasure Care organization for the amazing programs they have for these young people, for all the events they organize, and for sharing so much of themselves with these kids. What you allow people like me to come and do isnt volunteer work its volunteer fun roughly of all, Id like to thank my best friend, whos introduced me about this organization. Getting to know you has changed my life more than youll ever know. Lastly, I thank you for your generous time and responses which have helped to make this event a success. There Are Ways, To Get There, If You Care Enough, For the Living, Make A Little Space, We is all volunteers and thats what makes this world a better place.

Warsaw Uprising Essay Example for Free

capital of Po push down Uprising EssayIt each started on August the 1st. The capital of Poland Uprising was in fact the largest single operation conducted by a partisan organization during second world war. The Warsaw UPRISING was actu onlyy a struggle of the Polish armed struggle in order to liberate Warsaw and its 1,000,000 people from the German pursuit when the Soviet army was entering the metropolis limits from the east.The 378,000 Polish armed people augmented by 2,000-strong nationalist and communist units in the beginning controlled a major part of Warsaws left bank. Later, with the German determination for a complete invasion on all the installation as well as the military checkpoints, the Warsaw Uprising ended after 63 age of effort killing more then fifteen thousand people dead and 5,000 wound in addition to 200,000 Polish civilians who also died during this whole process where the entire city was devastated. On the separate hand German lost its 16,000 lives and 9 ,000 wounded. (Krall, Hanna. 1986)United State and British army had already landed in Normandy and the passing Army had entered through the Eastern front into the city of Warsaw. Ever since the start of the Nazi assembly line the locals had been planning for a complete underground attack, and on 1st August 1944 the order was ultimately given by General Bor Komorowski for the forces of the Armia Krajowa (AK) get the Warsaw back from the Germans, which was been occupied since 4 years.In Warsaw the colour army was commanded by General Antoni Chruciel, codename Monter initially. Under his command the smooth out greybacks came out on the street to bit the Germans. The Germans were prepared fortified forces, and they had been on full alert encourage the polish youth who initiated the insurgency were unpractised Polish youths had to attack an experienced, fully equipped enemy in daylight. Realizing the fact of being weak the polish commander requested the British Army for abet. British army was already armed serviceing the locals against the Russians and Germans in a lot of other areas of USSR. British helped the polish but were not on their priority list. Despite their help was very small but that made a difference in their regime as it has a great psychotically affect on the German army. Americans also sent the help to polish but it was excessively very late like in mid of SeptemberIn some parts they succeeded and in some partisans had to retreat. The attacks on the major installations like airbase and radio stations were all repulsed. The first attack is the approximately crucial step, was thus only partially achieved as the city was largely in control of insurgents, however within there were s gutter a lot of fortified pockets of German army. The first day at war, ended with a lot of casualties from some(prenominal) sides. (Ciborowski, 1962)The manage went on for four continuous old age and till 4th, Srodmiescie was largely in Polish hands. German s had to retreat from rdmiecie-Powile-Starwka-Wola region, the Zyrardow region, and the Mokotow. The polish was out of supplies thus General Komorowski asked the British and Americans to send them with ammunition and air support. The aid began and the city was largely in controlPolish hero pilots flying from bases on the Apula (Italy) started shelling over Warsaw. Those pilots had to return to Italy, however the Soviets denied them permission to use there bases. original determined fighting by the Germans came out on 5th of August. The thrust came from the Wola region, and after three days of intense fighting, the 5000 Wehrmacht soldiers succeeded in dividing the part of the ARMIA KRAJOWA defense which was the most important area of polish insurgency, which comprised of about 2000 ill-equipped soldiers. (J. Kirchmayer Powstanie Warszawskie)Simultaneously, the other German failed in Mokotow-Ochota region. The insurgents were successful in protecting the rdmiecie for over a week, s taving mop up an early fall down of the armed effort. The Germans were able to make only limited movement.During August 8, Stalin uniform to delay militant actions close to Warsaw. He denied any allied transport air aid to land on Soviet airfields which practically denied helping the uprising by airdropping the supplies, as the nearest airport were situated in England and Italy.By August 10th, however, the ARMIA KRAJOWA leadership knew the result of the Soviet-German war. They knew that they would not be able to combat the insurgents. As a result they started to expel their rage on the civilians. That activity changed the war into dirty struggle where a lot of innocent people were penalise. The polish insurgents were very determent to be liberated.After the fall of Wola, the German army concentrated all their army on the Stare Miasto region. That area was considered to be most insurgent region, having bridges conceiting it to Vistula.The attack came on the 12th of August, and af ter heavy fighting, the Poles were forced to retreat, evacuating from old Jewish ghetto. magic spell the German retreat they had to face insurgency thus making the Germans to divert some troops from the master(prenominal) thrust to deal with this new event. Polish requested the British for air aid. Thus ARMIA KRAJOWA units were sent to help the insurgents The insurgents became successful in drawing some of the German forces from the Warsaw. (T. Br-Komorowski Armia Podziemna)Powisle was conquered by the Germans on 6th of September, pacifying defenceless civilians. On September 11th 47th Soviet army conquered the Prague. The Bach regiment was ordered to fully shut off the partisans from the Vistula with help of German air force and the 9th fit out Division. Red Army resumes its fight towards Warsaw. German and Russian airplanes engage in dog fights over the city. Soviet artillery shells German positions in Praga, Saxon Garden and Okenche air base. The German offensive became succ essful in narrowing the positions of insurgents to only a small piece of land near the Wilanowska Zagrna streets.On 10th September the Red Army ordered the Marshal Konstantin Rokossovy, to enter the city however they met heavy resistance. After five days of struggle the Soviet forces were able to capture the right bank of the city. Rokossovy then restricted his army from further fight and waited for reinforcements.On 15th of September, when the uprising was already on the edge of disaster, a mass air-drop was possible. However to their dismay the air drop was mostly been acquired by the insurgents instead of the Germans. Even they captured the arms and ammunition. That stirred the Germans position in the region diversely. (Adler, Stanislaw, 1982)For three consecutive nights, 1,600 soldiers from Berlings army cross the Vistula and join insurgents in the Czerniakow district. The attempt landing in September 17th to 18th in the district fails with most of the 1,050 people executed or captured.On 20th of September germen army did some strategic changes to fight western associate along with the polish insurgents. The complete force, renamed the Warsaw Home Army Corps (Warszawski Korpus Armii Krajowej) and commanded by General Antoni Chruciel gravid fighting in Czerniakow continues till September 23rd. Some defenders left across the river, others reach the City Center. Germans killed all captured insurgents and take Berlings soldiers as prisoners of war. (A. Borkiewicz Powstanie Warszawskie 1944)On 16th Germans with help of the 9th army targeted the bridges followed by attack on Mokotw, and taken over Makotow on 27th of SeptemberOn 30th September the 19th Armored Division supported by Bach regiment attacked oliborz, and captured it. This all resulted in hunger, the lack of arms, ammunition and medical examination help, therefore ARMIA KRAJOWA started negotiating with Bach.The Polish Red Cross negotiated with Bach-Zelewski the act of act of surrender was signed by both parties on October 2, 1944 and. 20,000 Armia Krojowa soldiers were held as prisoners of war by Germans. The civilian were allowed toReferencesA. Borkiewicz Powstanie Warszawskie 1944Adler, Stanislaw. In the Warsaw Ghetto 1940-1943 An Account of an Eyewitness. Jerusalem Yad Vashem, 1982.Ciborowski, Adolf and Stanislaw Jankowski. Warsaw Rebuilt. Warsaw Polonia Publishing House, 1962.J. Kirchmayer Powstanie WarszawskieT. Br-Komorowski Armia PodziemnaKrall, Hanna. Shielding the Flame An Intimate Conversation with Dr. Marek Edelman, the Last Surviving attractor of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. New York Holt, 1986.

Cosmetic surgery cons and pros Essay Example for Free

Cosmetic surgery cons and pros EssayWith the cultivation of technology and medical systems, changing hotshots appearance is something which is very normal. People chose to go below some kind of cosmetic surgeries encounter under ones kowtow different reasons, but cosmetic surgery do rightfully change some battalion to a better smell. We atomic number 18 surrounded by advertisements, movies, magazines which usually have pictures of stunning models. The media and those kind of ads establish standard of beauty in their audiences mind. It is a nightmare for people who are not lucky enough to possess perfect features. It somehow lowers people self-esteem when they look up to those models as a references of beauty standard.However, thanks to the development of technology and plastic surgery, those kind of nightmare dissolve be fixed. With plastic surgery, close everything on ones body can be adjusted. When people get closer to their personalized standard, they will feel m ore confident. Plastic surgery helps raising their self-esteem. somewhat reach out to cosmetic surgery to ameliorate their appearances. People have more choices than ever from a quick fix to major procedures to improve their body images. Aging is usually major problem. Every one of us has to await that when we get to some points.Laser skin treatments, Botox injections, Filler injectionsare life savers for people who want to reverse the aging process. It is not hard to find people at their 40s 50s who look much younger than their ages. Cosmetic surgery can improve almost everything. If you want small face, high lift, big eyes, big boobs, small waist, perfect flawless skinplastic surgeons can give them all to you. Plastic surgery is magic in transforming appearance, however it in any case has some disadvantages. I was terrified when I watched a Korean beauty contest which was not capacious ago.The audiences might have a really hard time distinguish between the contestants, becau se they look almost the same. All of them have perfect features such as big eyes, high and small noses, small face It should be called plastic surgeons contest, but they are all pretty though. People lose their personal identities when they get dramatic changes on their faces. On a larger scale, people lose their ethnical identities. For example, in that respect is a trend in Asian countries that people want to westernize their look. Double eye-lid surgeries or nose surgeries are most common procedures.Michael Jackson is also a great example for this issue. He attempt to transform from a black to a white person, and the core was which we already knew. People may get addicted to plastic surgery too. Hang Mioku from South Korea is a case which people should look at before they consider about plastic surgery. She was a pretty women with natural beauty. Unluckily, she got addicted to cosmetic surgery, make up surgeons refused to get jobs make on her. She injected silicon on her fac e herself, and worse than that, she injected oil in to her body. The result might terrified any person who ever think about get some jobs done on their bodies.

Grammar school Essay Example for Free

Grammar enlighten day EssayFrom 1834, the twelvemonth of emancipation of slaves in Dominica and the separate British West Indian colonies to 1845, the popular didactics that was existent was re onlyy sacred pedagogics. The concept of a state carcass of facts of life in the West Indies emerged in Britain in 1833 as part of the cause to emancipate slaves in British custody. foregoing to that, the masses of the people had practic eachy no formal development. In Dominica, from 1834 onwards, the British subsidized uncomplicated education by dint of grants but basic on the wholey, education was imported and promoted mainly by missionaries. The content of education was divorced from the interests and needs of the masses and the community. Emphasis was on the classics and the arts. There is little dubiety that the churches original interest in education was the creation of influential educated elite. In practice, their interests were denomi subject, especially seen in the es tablishment of alternate trails. Proposed educational policies depended greatly on the availability of funds, which were always insufficient. Therefore, changes and reforms were minimal. The newly elected legislative councils and their leaders gave little support.In reality, education, in practice was for a privileged minority. The populace remained virtually bestial and illiterate. The pre-emancipation society was indeed not in any sense an educated unrivalled. Where slaves received any guidance at all it was of a religious nature provided by the church at long intervals. The administration had no aims or standards hence there was no system of formal education. It was against this background that the British gallant G all overnment incorporated an education grant in the 1833 exertion of Emancipation to assist in the educational development of the Negroes.Establishing trains for the masses was provided for by the Act, which included grant m matchlessy from the imperial go vernment to provide education in the ex-slave colonies. This grant money is k at a timen as the Negro Education Grant. It was regarded as an urgent matter. The marrow grant amounted to a mere ? 30,000 per annum for five course of instructions for all the BWI of almost one million people. The end to allocate the grant was executed through the local legislatures and the religious bodies. The grant was decreased each year and ended in 1845.The denominations were offered financial help to build checks, and later to assist in the payment of teachers salaries as the best means of developing a system of education. Dominicas sh atomic number 18 of the Grant amounted only to ? 600 to be spent on 14,000 ex-slaves. This amount was very insignificant and was spent mainly by the Society for the coevals of the Gospel (SPCK). After two years it became app bent that the desired and intended results were not forthcoming because of the more difficulties faced. Some churches were unable to accep t more grants because they could not bear the recurrent expenditure on their schools.In tremendous 1837, the grant was switched to pay one-third of teachers salaries instead. This was insufficient, and the societies did not expand their operations further. As the expected blowup did not materialise the imperial government was disappointed. Hence, the union of the imperial government, local legislatures and the churches could not fulfil the untimely ambition to create a viable education system. Thus, in 1841, the imperial government jumped to withdraw the fund. The Mico trustees who had through with(p) the most protested, but to no avail.In 1845 it came to an end, and so the burden fell on the West Indian legislatures and sueers to increasingly support the education of their birth children. In Dominica, the drive towards education for the masses was assisted by the local legislature, thus complimenting the work done by charities and the churches so that by July 1840, Dominica had 20 schools, 10 teachers, 1,086 pupils and chalk up average attendance was 750. The British Imperial Government gave two main reasons for ending the NEG 1. English workers were utter to be worse-off than West-Indian workers 2.The Baptists were said to be prospering although they had refused all aid Both claims were false. The churches lacked both money and resources. The British felt in the case of Dominica that the Catholic Church could not and would not provide appropriate education. They therefore supported alternatives to church schools. They clear-cut to provide secular schools and to withdraw grants to the church schools. This was strongly opposed until a compromise was reached. The main success of the period of the NEG was the idea of popular education.The Provision of unoriginal Education in Dominica Providers and Gender Issues From the foregoing, one can appreciate the fact that the provision of education was a task that mired the participation of s foreveral provi ders or stakeholders The British Imperial Authority, the Local Legislature or Assembly, the Church (especially the Catholics) and the Charities (especially the Mico Trust). Prior to emancipation, the provision of education was the responsibility of the churches and the charities. Education was very limited and very few benefited. In reality, what ever was taught was basically religious education.With the passage of the Act of Emancipation, an attempt was made to establish popular education. The NEG thus provided the requisite funds for this purpose but last ended in failure. These funds were channelled through the bodies mentioned above, especially through the charities and the churches. By 1868 the main providers were mainly the state (the Local Legislature) and the church. It moldiness not be forgotten that the extensive majority of the population were Catholics and therefore co-operation and compromise between the two bodies were of paramount importance.By that date, the major ity of primary schools belonged to the state i. e. 18 out of 33 (54%). This was unequalled, for no another(prenominal) West Indian society had such(prenominal) participation by the state in educational provision. In the case of auxiliary education, the provision was by the Church (Catholic). The first establishment for the provision of lower-ranking education was the Convent high trail (CHS) in 1858. This was wholly for the children of the local elite. The children of the rural peasantry and the working classes were excluded. The state provided some funds for the school. simply there were no utility(prenominal) education provided for the masses. It is again unique to Dominica in that early period that post-primary education was being provided only to girls when this sexual activity was marginalized in the rest of the W. I and in Britain itself. Even today, in 2000, over 65% of tributary school students are girls. The figures for the Clifton Dupigny Community College, Unive rsity of Technology (Jamaica) and University of the West Indies are just roughly the same. In the case of Dominica, male marginalization has had a long history, contrary to popular opinion.Due to mounting pressure and clamour for supplemental education for boys and the children of the masses, the state established the Dominica Grammar naturalize (DGS) on the 16th of January 1893, with a registration list of 25 boys on a lower floor(a) the headmastership of one tutor, Mr. W. Skinner (M. A a graduate from Catherines College, Cambridge, England). It was to be run as a government school, with the aim to provide higher education for boys. The building being used was a ad hominem gift from Mr. Dawbiney, a respectable Jamaican who had settled in the island.The DGS remained a boys school until 1972. This occurred at a time when the number of girls takeed by the Common tempt Examinations far surpassed that of boys. The first DGS girls came from the CHS and the WHS. The jibe numb er of girls on the roll for that year totalled 34 out of a total of 560 students. Thus a reluctant but necessary era commenced in that year the DGS becoming a coeducationalucational institution under the headship of Mr. J. K. Gough (B. Sc Dip. Ed. from Scotland). In that same year there were 14 Dominican staff members who were university graduates.Not to be outdone by the Catholics, the Wesleyan Society (Methodists) following the tradition of their rivals, opened the second high school for girls in the island, the Wesley juicy coach (WHS) in October 1927. By that year, 80% of the students admission chargeing secondary education were girls. This again was a unique situation second to none in the W. I. This further marginalized the boys given the restrictive and limited nature of access at the time. At this juncture, it is necessary to appreciate the great effort expended by the churches in the provision of secondary education in the island of Dominica, albeit for denominational reasons.In 1932, the Christian Brothers (Catholics) opened the second educational establishment providing secondary education for boys, the Saint Marys Academy (SMA). By that year educational provision was roughly equal for both genders with boys in a flash having the slight edge, notwithstanding the fact that the girls were doing better in entrance and light exams. There were insufficient spaces available. An entrance examination would short be rigorously applie to ration out, select and match the number of students to the available supply of places.This state of inequitable affairs became unbearable as the girls were now being marginalized in favour of boys who were securing less passes than girls in the exams. In other words, the selection was a employment of available places. The two boys schools had more places than the two girls schools. Therefore, fewer girls were selected although their average scores were higher than that of boys who secured places. In the1972/1973 scho ol year, the Labour government of Mr. Edward Oliver Leblanc took the bold step to make the DGS co-educational.This occurred at a time when the number of girls who had succeeded at the Common Entrance Examinations far surpassed that of boys. Since then, girls fork over kept on increasing the education gap or divide to the extent that in Dominica and the West Indies this problem of male marginalisation and male underachievement and the like, have now suit so serious that it threatens the whole concept of male patriarchy. The year 1972 has been regarded as a milepost in Dominicas educational history as far as secondary education is touch.From that year all new secondary schools have opted to become co-educational with the exception of the Saint Martins secondary winding educate in 1988. Another important milestone in our educational history is the year 1971. For the first time, secondary educational provision moved out of Roseau with the establishment of the co-educational Portsmou th secondary coil cultivate (PSS). This greatly reduced the be burden to parents in the northwest, north and northeast of the island, who, hitherto had to make tremendous sacrifices to provide education for their children in the capital, Roseau.By 1974, the Common Entrance Examinations as a selector of educational life chances was psychologically so devastating to pupils that those who were not selected felt that they were rejects and failures with no hope or future. It was against this backdrop that a group of concerned persons headed by Ms. Jean Finucane-James decided to provide a second chance to those pupils that was not based on a selective exam. This co-educational school was named the Dominica Community High take (DCHS). Apart from the PSS, the early 1970s were characterised for having secondary education concentrated in the capital city of Roseau.The 70s was a period of political upheaval. In August 1979, Hurricane David struck and the island was devastated 43 deaths, ma ssive destruction of crops and the forest, wildlife was decimated, schools and the social and economic infrastructure was destroyed. The economy came to a standstill. Educationally, the students suffered greatly. A large number of students from the northeast could not attend the Roseau schools. In the aftermath of the hurricane, two schools were opened in the northeast St.Andrews High School (SAHS) in 1979, located in Londonderry which is run and operated by the Methodists and in 1980, the Marigot Foundation High School (MFHS) headed by Mr. Martin Roberts, a former Methodist minister. The last named school was eventually renamed the Marigot Secondary School (MSS) when in 1999 it passed over to the state. These two schools are co-educational institutions. In this catchment area the Common Entrance Exams consistently selects more girls than boys. In the 1980s four schools were established. In 1981, the Seventh-Day Adventists began to provide secondary education.The Seventh-day Adventi st Secondary School (SASS) is located in the Portsmouth suburb of Granvillia. It is a co-ed school. In that very same year the co-ed St. Joseph Campus of the DGS was opened which later became a separate entity as the St. Joseph Secondary School. In 1996 it was renamed the Isaiah Thomas Secondary School. In 1988, two government co-ed secondary schools were established from what were formerly Junior Secondary Programmes the Goodwill Secondary School (GSS) and the Grand Bay Secondary School (GBSS). In that same year, the Catholicrun St.Martins School for girls upgraded its technical/vocational wing into a fully-fledged secondary school called the St. Martins Secondary School (SMSS). With the opening of these new schools and the continued use of the Common Entrance Exams the gender balance continue to be in favour of girls to the detriment of boys. In October 1994 the Nehemiah Christian Foundation headed by Mrs. Rhoda George opened the Nehemiah Comprehensive School with 60 boys and girl s. The school is located in Jimmit, Mahaut.In the financial year 1995/96 the government entered into a loan agreementwith the World Bank to fund the Basic Education Reform Project (BERP). mavin of the deuce-ace main objectives of the project was to expand access to secondary education. Under the project, this objective was fulfilled in the co-ed Castle Bruce Secondary School (CBSS) in 1998. TABLE I DOMINICA Academic Secondary Schools, 2002/03 School Year Founded Boys Girls Total Status Convent High School 1858 0 493 493 Assisted Dominica Grammar School 1893 518 281 799 arouse Wesley High School 1927 0 287 287 Assisted St.Marys Academy 1932 420 0 420 Assisted Portsmouth Secondary School 1971 402 435 837 State Dominica Community High School 1975 79 46 125 Assisted St. Andrews High School 1979 233 292 525 Assisted Marigot Secondary School 1980 86 59 145 Assisted Isaiah Thomas Secondary School 1981 312 393 705 State SDA Secondary School 1981 108 87 195 Private St. M artins Secondary School 1988 0 306 306 Assisted Goodwill Secondary School 1988 380 262 642.State Grand Bay Secondary School 1988 334 343 677 State Nehemiah Comprehensive School 1994 64 73 137 Assisted Castle Bruce Secondary School 1998 266 291 557 State huntsman Academy 2003 Private Total 3 202 3 648 6 850 Ministry of Education, Sports and Youth Affairs, 2002/03 The School Curriculum several(prenominal) factors impinge on the development of the broadcast in Dominica slavery, colonialism, politics, economics, religion, socio-cultural biases, parents, teachers and the learners themselves.In the pre-emancipation era the political platform that existed was of a religious nature. The society was largely illiterate and ignorant. There existed no notion or idea of popular or mass education. With emancipation in 1834, the rudiments of a system of education began to take work out. The limited syllabus was non-scientific and bookishly academic based on rote and memory teaching and learning. By 1868, as the primary system took root the three rs were taught namely reading, writing and arithmetic. The system that was taking shape was one that would provide labourers and servants and no more.At the secondary level, the course of study catered for the children of the elite Maths, Science, Geography, English, Greek, and Latin. The colonial powers and the local legislatures controlled the educational system. In other words, the ruling elites/classes decided who should be taught, what should be taught, when, how and where. The entire process from start to finish was decided for the learner. In 1899, Agriculture was being promoted as a subject to be taught so that the learner would become an agricultural labourer or worker on an estate or join the ranks of the impoverished peasantry.So agricultural schools were encouraged. In this way the islands would remain as sources of primary agricultural produce. When the British abolished the local legislatures and obliga te direct crown colony rule the computer programme again was being used as a tool to keep the masses in their place. It limited them to learn the basics and agriculture. Attempts were made to improve education at the end of the First World War (1914-1918) salaries to teachers, payments by results and attempts at compulsory education. The West Indian Conference in Dominica in 1932 urged the region to struggle for compulsory education among other things.This failed. In 1957, the ministerial system was brought to Dominica with some exercise of authority by the house of assembly. But power still lied with the British parliament. Budgets could be passed, but had to be approved by Britain. In 1967, Dominica became an associate state with Gt. Britain. solely internal matters were under local jurisdiction, but contrasted affairs, trade and defence resided with Gt. Britain. Dominica could now influence and shape educational progress, but very little happened. The primary system continued to develop. The high schools became stagnant.The last one to be established was in 1936 (SMA). Thirty-seven years passed before the next one, the PSS was established. By 1978, the curriculum at the primary was now being driven by the Common Entrance Examinations to the detriment of all else. The same thing could be found at the secondary schools. The entire curriculum was driven by foreign external examinations. The foreign element was removed in 1985 when we switched from the Cambridge and London GCE O Levels to the regionally based CXC examinations. But the GCE A Levels still continue to dictate the curriculum at the post-secondary level.In 1998, CXC began to test pilot its own A Levels known as CAPE, which will soon replace the English-based GCE A Levels. The School Curriculum and Examinations The CXC and the GCE curriculum dictate the locus and focus of secondary education in Dominica. These exams cater for the 30-40% of the ability range of secondary students. The entire curric ulum was driven by foreign external examinations. The foreign element was removed in 1985 when we switched from the Cambridge and London GCE O Levels to the regionally based CXC examinations. But the GCE A Levels still continue to dictate the curriculum at the post-secondary level.In 1998, CXC began to test pilot its own A Levels known as CAPE, which will soon replace the English-based GCE A Levels. The HSC, LSC and GCE dominated the curriculum of secondary schools since the 1880s. The failure rates were very high at both the O and A Levels. It was also a drain on the scarce resources of the region. The minimum of 5 O Level subjects were required to move into the sixth form and five subjects were needed of which 2 must be at A Level for university entry. The Caribbean was influenced by educational and curriculum developments in North the States and Europe, especially Britain.Revolutionary curricular changes in maths and science were being undertaken in the USA as a result of the Rus sian success in Sputnik I. In the U. K, the Nuffield Foundation invested heavily in a science development project. In 1969-70, the West Indian Science Curriculum Innovation Project (WISCIP) began at St. Augustine, UWI, and Trinidad. It was a new approach with emphasis on enquiry and experimentation, understanding and constructive thinking. This was introduced in the DGS and the other high schools of the time. During that same period New Mathematics was introduced in the schools curriculum.All five of the secondary schools in Dominica adopted it. The Convent High School had their first O Level candidates in 1971, and the DGS in 1972. Results in all Caribbean schools were not so good at first because of the unfamiliarity with the new approaches and topics such as inverses, identities, algebra of sets and matrices, decimalisation and metrification, vectors, inequalities and topology. At first most of the schools used the School Mathematics Project (SMP) books, but these were replaced by the reciprocal Schools Project (Caribbean edition) series, as part of the CEDO/UNESCO/UWI Caribbean Mathematics Project.The CXC was established in 1972 to serve the Commonwealth Caribbean. The process took over 10 years. The CXC was to replace the GCE exams. It would develop syllabi, conduct exams and issue certificates. This was a form of asserting cultural and noetic independence from our colonial past and from Britain. Politically, the Caribbean has eschewed integration. There was the West Indian Federation as colonies of Britain (1958-1962). It ended in failure due to insularity, nationalism and dependency.With independence, the nations can dictate their educational goals and match these to national needs. In Dominica, we have not had a long history of educational reforms established in law. In 1949 an Education Act was passed to regulate and govern the sector. This was changed in 1997 when the new Education Act was passed. This was part of an attempt to harmonise education legislation in the Eastern Caribbean. In 1995 the Basic Education Reform Project was launched (BERP). The Project had three main objectives 1. to strengthen the management and planning capacity of the Ministry, 2.to enhance the quality of education, and 3. to expand and conserve school places. Economically, we live in an interdependent world, a global village. We are partners bargaining from a position of weakness. uneven terms of trade, onerous foreign debts, trade deficits and balance of payment problems deplete our resources so that our educational budgets are severely constrained. In general (1999 2004), Dominica spends about 17% of its recurrent budget on education, 1-2% on materials and supplies and about 80% on personal emoluments. New Curriculum Developments.Primary schools follow a curriculum, which has recently been reviewed by the Curriculum Development Unit (CDU). Schools have been provided with curriculum guides for English Language, Mathematics and General Science f or Grades K to 6. Curriculum guides for Social Studies, Mathematics, Science and English Language were to become available in September 1999 for grades K to 6. A curriculum guide for Social Studies has been prepared for Form 1 at the secondary level. Workbooks for Grades k to 3 for English were to have been made available from September 1999.In addition a curriculum guide for Health and Family Life covering primary and secondary age ranges is being monitored and supported in schools. A draft national policy for this was presented to Cabinet in August 1998 but has not further been officially approved. The CDU has planned to review Music, PE, Art and Craft, and Agriculture in 2001 as well as to start writing and production of support materials for pupils and teachers. The revised primary schools curriculum appears to be appropriate at the national level. The main problem appears to be in its delivery.The main need at the primary level for curriculum development is in relation to adap ting the teachers guides for multigrade teaching and provision of differentiated activities for all subjects and all classrooms. Dominica does not have a National Curriculum and therefore, the curriculum de facto is determined by each school and in practice is closely related to the requirements of the Caribbean Examination Council (CXC) other external examinations and higher ability students. A balance needs to be struck between the academic and practical skills education in the secondary sector in any future national curriculum.The Ministry of Education has outlined the following process to gain at the promulgation and implementation of the National Curriculum (NC) National Curriculum Committee (NCC) established in school year 1999/2000 NCC reviews existing curriculum locally and regionally Under the NCC, beat Teams and pass on Areas are established Development of Syllabi, and Curriculum Guides in Core Subject Areas Curriculum Training of Staff/Subject Team Members Resource Pro vision First Draft National Curriculum in Core Subject Areas Review of Draft Curriculum Development of Curricula in other subject areas.Establishment of National Norms and Standards for all subjects Piloting of National Curriculum in a cross-section of schools Promulgation of National Curriculum by Minister of Education Use by all schools of the National Curriculum as of September 2003 The Secondary Education Support Project (SESP) had been working with the Curriculum Development Unit (CDU) to write and pilot a revised curriculum for Forms 1 to 3 in the core subjects of English, Mathematics, Science and Social Studies, incorporating activities for average and below average ability pupils.Drafts of curriculum guides for Form 1 have been completed and were made available to schools in September 1999. All the guides for the four core subjects were made available in 2001. The CDU also has completed work in Music, Art, Craft, and Agriculture. However, the major curriculum need resides in the consideration of a curriculum which will admit the needs of all students academic, technical/vocational, aesthetic, spiritual, moral and for citizenship and fulfill the ambitions set out in the 1997 Education Act. This would be especially so when Universal Secondary Education is achieved.

The success of the Nationalist cause in the Spanish Civil War Essay Example for Free

The success of the Nationalist cause in the Spanish polite warfare EssayThe success of the Nationalist cause in the Spanish Civil fight was ascribable primarily to the help it received from its fo prevail allies For what reasons would you agree or disagree with this statement?A snapshot of 1936-1939 Britain and France tiptoe around Italys conquest of Abyssinia and their second conquest of the football World Cup. Stalin delivers a constitution, an illusion, distracting from his blooming(a) purges. Austria and Czechoslovakia are devoured into The Third Reich. The Fair Labour Standards Act comes into play in the US fighting recession, and unemployment. The prevalent Front of France makes sweeping social changes at a lower place the guidance of Leon Blum.In 1937, the 999-telephone number for emergency services is introduced in the UK. The Empire is falling apart, and Mahatma Ghandi leads a campaign of civilized disobedience against British rule. The Irish Free domain becomes Eire, Japan invades China. Spain has its own problems disorganised parliamentary government a problem solved by array rule. Upon its becoming a problem, is saved by farmers, and in turn, by socialists. Yet confusion and deterioration reign and soon the actual landscape of Spain is covered with that which the weather can non wash away.No, painting is non made to dress apartments. Its an offensive and defensive weapon against the enemy-Pablo Picasso, 19451In abide of the reasoning that Foreign aid win the nationalists the war, using a chronology full of prototypes can support this.2 As the war begins, Franco is flown from Las Palmas to Morocco by an unsuspecting British pilot, Captain Babb, who visits General Sanjurjo in Lisbon the previous week. The Nationalist beginning(a) is gained and a week later the rising begins.To apply common-sense investigative techniques to this, intervention doesnt quite begin until both forces make requests on July 20th. Hitler joins with Mussol ini in providing transport for Franco and The Army of Africa to cross the Straits of Gibraltar. The importance of this act of intervention in holding the initiative shouldnt be unde proportionimated.Francos Army of Africa, (was) composed of foreign legionnaires and Moorish mercenaries perhaps the blood-thirstiest and certainly one of the most professionalised march at the disposal of any European nation at the time3Within two months of German and Italian involvement, Army of African troops were involved in two separate but decisive victories. at a lower place Colonel Juan Yague they were responsible for capturing Badajoz, and thus linking the two parts of Nationalist Spain. In Alcazar, a besieged garrison of Falange and Guardai were saved from near-certain stamp out when troops reclaimed the forces academy. An offensive early in 1937 in the Southern obligation of Malaga showed the Italian addition was having a definite impact, much better organised than the Republicans defendi ng the city.The Non-Intervention Committee under the order of Britain put a clamp on France, the wholly external power assisting the Republicans after only three weeks. Arms and aircraft ceased from supply, and a week later, the Nationalists mounted a successful battle taking Majorca, Catalan troops fled, under cover of Jamie I. Surely a note of nationalist planning that ten eld later an air attack badly damaged the ship off Malaga by the Straits. Majorca stricken, was thenceforth the install for numerous of the 660 Italian aircraft set to bomb the Republic through three years. As for the Navy, the Nationalists had few ships. devil heavy cruisers under construction were important in sea battles, weight and direction provided by the bargain for of four Italian destroyers, and two Legionarii class submarines from the November of 1936. Italians manned these almost entirely, independence lessened on affaire by the presence on ship of one Spanish liason officer. Twenty-six vessels were over-all involved. Technical and logistical support was offered, also from the Germans, to the Nationalist Navy. These ships were used in spacious and rough convoy warfare, shore bombardment, blockade and counter-blockade, and they were deadly, as stated below,Despite a common lack of personnel, the nationalist Navy was better organised and commanded, and that would turn in into a more aggressive attitude4It is also interesting to note that Spanish naval construction was monopolised by the SECN5, it largely owned by British firm, Vickers-Armstrong. Almost all ships were designed referring to Royal Navy vessels and many British technical advisors continued to work in Spanish shipyards during the course of the war.* * * * * * * * * * *The conclusion is inescapable that the defeat and destruction of the Spanish Republic must be attributed as much to British diplomacy in the years 1936 to 1939 as to German aircraft and Italian infantry-Puzzo6Baldwin and Chamberlains 1936 Non-In tervention committee was about as successful as the rest of their appeasement policy. While the rules of the NIC were observed by the democracies, they were openly flouted by the dictatorships7 Choking the French adjutant meant that the Spanish Republics only course of action was to flee into the arms of Russia. Outside of the multinational brigades, the Soviet amount was the biggest supporter of Caballero and Negrins defending armies.Paradoxically, their help was also a hindrance. Stalins opening gestures in the war, and much of the way through, were in their own way a form of appeasement. He had hoped to keep out of Hitlers view for as long as possible. lee suggests he had been trying to warn Britain and France of the danger the Fuhrer represented, pulling out when it became clear they were no longer interested. Whatever the actual truth, Stalin had not supplied the Republic with tolerable arms to do the job properly. On October 25th, a substantial part of the third largest go ld reserve in the world was transferred to Russian hands.The the States of Africa while fighting for Madrid, were still occupying Spanish-Morocco without problem, aided by the Moroccan government, who had matched Italys number, sending out seventy-five molar concentration troops.8 Along another border, Dr. Salazar sent 20,000 Portugese soldiers to assist the generals. Portugal also provided the Nationalists with places to plot during the Civil war, and geographically, a route for the importation of arms and war materials.As touched upon briefly in the paragraph dealing with Russia, an obstruction, which benefited Franco, was the corporate means. The Texas crude Company, The Standard of New Jersey and Atlantic Refining, Texaco, Shell all had a stake in a Nationalist victory while the U.S government and its people favoured cosy isolationism9, the corporate face was happy enough to supply credit, but only to the Nationalists, as was the Bank of Westminster Britain had a big forei gn investment in Spain ownership of the Pyrite factories and mining operations for an essential ingredient in ammunition was another factor leading to its decision to play at tacit neutrality.Demoralisation must curb hit hard on the 26th April 1937, when the merciless Legion Condor bombed the towns of Guernica and Durango, and Bilbao fell under heavy artillery bombardment. Hauptmann Werner Molders, an inspired and endow combat leader and tactical leader and his crew had recently been fitted with brand new Messerschmitt Bf109Cs Ds in July 1938. More than a match for (Russian) Polikarpovs new creations, these fighters were accompanied by 6,000 men, Heinekel 51s and Junker 52 bombers. Eleven aircraft squadrons laying fine-tune a landscape of destruction from Guernica to Ebro, and far beyond. With much of the Basque mountain range already taken, the town of usage was certainly a target, and its status as a communications centre made it more so. The merciless destruction of people and buildings brought international condemnation and a sense of loss difficult to forget through the decades.Clearly, mass influx could be the term applied to foreign assistance in this war. The Republicans were assisted with international brigades while Eoin O Duffys Blueshirts and the young French monarchists joined with the Falange in aiding Franco. There are however a number of other factors connected with the Nationalist victory having little to do with outside involvement. The superior military organisation and structure is one such factor, they possessed a greater number of middle-ranking officers and experienced soldiers.An example of this can be found by studying The Battle of Santander, were General Fidel Davilas forces were vastly outnumbered, but win due to Gamirs soldiers being poorly trained and low on weaponry. Francos armies were better supplied, with imaginative yet square strategies. His motto, Duty, Discipline and Order. He was careful not to let one group becom e too dominant, and successfully united the politically diverse. The advancement on the Mediterranean coast successfully cut the Republic in two yet before crossing the Ebro, Franco handled the decisive factor sensibly and allowed his troops time to rest and re-equip. His campaign was one fought with caution and discretion, confidence and well timed capture of opportunity.In stark contrast, the Republicans were in a state of disunity such was their ideological range, and this is typified by the situation in Barcelona in 1937 and by the civil war within a civil war on the streets of Madrid at wars close. Divisions over the heavy(p) objective of the war can only have made easier the nationalist mission.The length of Francos leadership of Spain, his holding the Republic of World War II through to his good choice of successor are aspects of examine of the Nationalist strength outside foreign allegiance. With a view to the statement and the scope of 1936-39 to which this essay refer s, I cannot judge. Much of the corporate world acted as if their involvement was necessary, whilst seeing a Nationalist victory as something of a safe bet. I can neither agree nor disagree with the statement, these facets of fact, are inseparable.To have stop Francos Army of Africaand its well-trained Civil Guards and police auxiliaries, would have been nothing less than miraculous once it established a strong base on the Spanish mainland. That hastily formed, untrained and virtually unequipped militiamen and women slowed up Francos armys advance on Madrid for four months and essentially stopped it on the outskirts of the capital is a feat for which they have rarely earned the proper tribute from writers on the civil war of the past half century10Indeed, for Bookchin has not mentioned that the first rising in Madrid failed on July 1936, and was continually thwarted until the Nationalists entered on March 28th, 1939. The capital Madrid was relentlessly defended time and time again ov er those three years, with and without foreign aid. Perhaps not such a safe bet after all.BibliographyPicasso , Alfred H. Barr (1946)International Brigades, Legion Condor, Spanish Civil War Factbook, www.skalman.nuSpanish Civil War, http//history.acusd.eduThe main events of the Spanish Civil War, www.users.dircon.co.ukSpanish Civil War, www.sispain.orgWarships of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), Author unknownhttp//webforodigital.es/uphm/mgl/buques/spanishcivwar.htmSpain and The Great Powers, 1936-1941, Dante Puzzo ,Columbia University Press, 1962. European Dictatorships 1918-1945, Stephen J. Lee, Routledge.The Spanish Civil War, Hugh Thomas, Penguin, 1992Roper-Fortune Poll, Janurary 1939, Mach 1939 , reprint.Mastering Modern World History, Norman Lowe, Palgrave 1997Modern World History Made Simple, K. Perry, Heinemann/London, 1976Paul Preston, The Spanish Civil War Right Versus left wing in the 1930sOxford Concise Dictionary of Quotations, ed. Elizaeth Knowles, OU Press, 2001.Ch ambers Concise Dictionary, ed. Catherine Schwarz, Chambers Harrap, 1997Encyclopedia BritannicaHutchinson Encyclopedia- The Millenium Edition, ed. Roger Tritton, 2000World Atlas, European Map Graphics Ltd, 1996This text may be reprinted as the user sees fit. Feedback on its facility is welcome.emailprotected1 In interview with Simone Tery, 24 March, 1945, in Alfred H. Barr, Picasso (1946)2 I have chosen to use a combination of five chronologies along with other materials for greater clearness. The components of this timeline are internet-based, www.skalman.nu http//history.acusd.edu www.users.dircon.co.uk and www.sispain.org, with addition to the chronology from The Encyclopedia Britannica.3 by and by 50 Years The Spanish Civil War by Murray Bookchin, www.spunk.org4 Warships of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) , Authors name not searched http//webforodigital.es/uphm/mgl/buques/spanishcivwar.htm5 Sociedad Espanola de Construccion Naval aka The Spanish Corporation of Naval Constructi on, from the same source as above.6 If Im correct, this is from Dante Puzzos Spain and The Great Powers, 1936-1941, Columbia University Press, 1962. I got it from pg. 253 of Stephen J. Lees European Dictatorships 1918-1945, published by Routledge.7 That ones direct from Lee on the same page, it just seemed to fit right in.8 Hugh Thomas, The Spanish Civil War, Penguin, 19929 Roper-Fortune Poll, Janurary 1939. Its deserving noting that the same poll conducted amongst Americans at the end of the Spanish Civil War, the March edition, recorded a homework amongst readers for war, and their involvement in it.10 After 50 Years The Spanish Civil War by Murray Bookchin, www.spunk.org

Fire Safety Essay Example for Free

enkindle safe EssayThe entire casualty of a perk up to a society may be equal to in all the perk up incidents in the society this would moderate of the buildings, agriculture, transportation, and so on. A lot of factors contribute to the total cost. With regards to the damage ca use of goods and servicesd by the fires we get, definitely, the direct casualty of life, suffering and the real economic losses due to the egestrence of fire. There are indirect or valuable step to the forecomes because of the disorder of amenities, loss of trade, and means of employment. There is also community distress and unease, specifically the subsequent principal catastrophes and the cost of any hassle caused. The outlay of fire galosh procedures includes costs meant for fire prevention, fire checker when they occur, and extenuating their direct and indirect aftermath. This comprises the cost of services such as the fire contingent, fire indemnity, and an gigantic part of building power or other variable measures (Rasbash, 2004). The Nature of the Fire HazardThe hazard of fire is the result of unrestrained, exothermic responses, specially involving natural resources and air. It is predominantly connected with flammable materials and energy resources apply by people in daily life. Although fire intimidates both the living and their property, and its attention costs oft disbursement, the danger must be situated against the advantage achieved from these properties so that an unbiased view can be attained. Furtherto a greater extent, existing principles are greatly reliant on the utilization of buildings.The additional risk when fires happen in an enclosed space, by means of the increased temperature and green goddess being trapped rather than moving relatively safely upward, requires being located against the essential worth of using buildings. It then follows that one cannot, in commonplace abolish the danger of fire, although one can lessen it to an ade quately low intensity by take away design measures (Kiurski, 1999). Major Fire Hazard Areas Loss and damage caused by fire can occur anytime activity happens. Maybe the most common setting for such activity is inside buildings.Such combine both domestic and nondomestic grounds, and the latter can expand to a broad array of tenure, such as various factories, establishment structures where thither are particular dangers to the community, these includes areas of open assemblies and spaces where people sleep, like hotels and hospitals. Business occupancies let out further than building structures to take in mines, process plants within open, offshore mechanisms, agricultural harvests, and forestry. Lastly there is an entire variety of amenities for highway, rail, marine, and air transportation even lengthening in current tip to satellites and space sections.For most of these danger zones, a substantial and expensive fire incidence conditions has built up over the time being and has faren to widespread necessities for fire safety. In the world of fire insurance, particular danger locations are regularly called risks (Rasbash, 2004). The Chemistry of Fire Fire is basically a chemical answer that involves the fast oxidation of comburent material or fuel, with the subsequent liberation of heat and light. In a typical community, all the elements essential for fire to begin are present fuel, heat or lighting source, and oxygen (air).However, recent research suggests that fourth factor is present. This factor has been classified as a reply chain in which burning continues and even action of the molecules from the material burning with the oxygen in the atmosphere. Fires have been divided into four classes based in the nature of combustible material and requirements for extinguishment ground level A popular flammable solid equipment, such as paper, wood, plastic, and fabric. rank B flammable liquids/gases and combustible petroleum products.Class C electrical apparatus that are keyed up or energized. Class D combustible/reactive metals, such as magnesium, sodium, and potassium (Bishop, Fody, Schoeff, 2004). Fire Extinguishment and Inhibition The most basic and most competent speak to on hand to the architect to guarantee fire safety is to avoid fires from starting, that is fire prevention. If this play is successful, then there is no need even to attempt any other fire safety measure. Prevention of touchwood and the limitation of the fuel available are the twin methods of fire prevention.In scheming to lessen the explosion danger, there are two things the architect has to do firstly plan out the assumed explosion danger or causes and secondly, to facilitate the infrastructure to be controlled in such an approach that the danger of explosion is get rid of. The actual design against the risk and the design to permit management against the risk must be seen together. The first necessity for the designer is an under(a)standing of the most likely ignition risks in the particular building token under construction it is essential to know your enemy if it is going away to be defeated.Probably the most common cause of ignition, and certainly the hardest to design against, is human neglect. Almost all fires started by smoking materials or matches could be avoided, and yet these are one of the major causes of domestic fires and effect loss of life. Similarly, the continuing high incidence of fires concerned with cookers and stoves are normally due to human carelessness (Stollard Abrahams, 1999). Types and Applications of Fire Extinguishers Just as fires have been divided into classes, fire extinguishers are divided into classes that correspond to the oddball of fire to be extinguished.Be certain to choose the right type using the wrong type of extinguisher may be dangerous. For example, do not use water on burning liquids or electrical equipment. Pressurized-water extinguishers, as well as suds and multi-use dry- chemical types, are used for Class A fires. For Class B and C fires, on the other hand, multi-use dry-chemical and carbon dioxide extinguishers are used. Halogenated hydrocarbon extinguishers are particularly recommended for use with calculating machine equipment. Class D fires present special problems, and extinguishment is left to trained firefighters using special dry-chemical extinguishers. force should know the location and type of portable fire extinguisher near their work area and know how to use an extinguisher before a fire occurs. In the event of fire, first evacuate all personnel, patients, and visitors who are in immediate danger and then activate the fire alarm, report the fire, and attempt to extinguish the fire, if possible. Personnel should work as a team to carry out emergency procedure. Fire drills must be conducted regularly and with appropriate documentation (Bishop et al. , 2004). Fire Safety CodesFire safety codes and linguistic rules exist to provide a reaso nable measure of safety in a building from fire, explosions, or other comparable emergencies. The good example code used by most jurisdictions is the Life Safety Code written by the issue Fire Protection Association, Covering many of the same concerns with design, construction, and materials as in the building codes, the Life Safety Code attempts to lessen the danger to life from fire, smoke, and hazardous fumes and gases. The intent of these codes is to prevent a fire whenever possible.However, since all fires cannot be prevented, the codes also focus on fore control. Fire prevention is facilitated by the regulation of hazards and such things as controls on the kinds of material both construction and furnishings that can be used in buildings. Fire safety control is facilitated by the requirement of fire sprinklers, fire doors, and the like. Fire codes focus on such matters as egress interior architectural finishes, and fire protection equipment such as sprinklers and smoke dete ctors.Fire regulations related to furniture construction and fabrics or finishes are more a matter of federal, carry and local regulations (Piotrowski, 2001). Contribution of Fire Safety Engineering Fire safety engineering can be defined as the act of scientific and engineering principles to the effects of fire in order to edit out the loss of life and damage to property by quantifying the risks and hazards involved and to provide an optimal solution to the application of preventive or protective measures.The concept of fire safety engineering may be utilise to any situation where fire is a potential hazard. Although this text is mainly concerned with building structures, resembling principles are equally applicable to the problems associated with oil or gas installations or other structures such as highway bridges. The additional hazards from gas and oil installations are primarily caused by the far more rapid growth of fire and the associated faster rates of temperature rise. This has been recognized by considering the testing of material response under heating regimes other than those associated with the more conventional cellulosic fires. The design methods are, however, similar to those for the situation covered by the more normal cellulosic based fires (Purkiss, 1996). Conclusion Sticking to Basics Most instructive programs of any kind seethe down to making an audience aware of a few key points. A rule of twitch in virtually any kind of education is that the more elementary a skill or given bit of knowledge is the more valuable it is.A general, fundamental rule can be more generally applied in everyday life than one that is tied to more advanced(a) principles. For the fire service, this means educating an audience on basic means of prevention and coping with emergencies subjects that professional firefighters capability almost take for granted or consider obvious, but about which the average citizen may never have given much thought (Kiurski, 19 99). References Bishop, M. L. , Fody, E. P. , Schoeff, L. (2004). Clinical Chemistry Principles, Procedures, Correlations (5th ed. ).New York Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Kiurski, T. (1999). Creating a Fire-Safe Community A Guide for Fire Safety Educators. New Jersey PennWell Books. Piotrowski, C. M. (2001). Professional Practice for Interior figure of speechers (3rd ed. ). Canada John Wiley and Sons. Purkiss, J. A. (1996). Fire Safety Engineering Design of Structures. Oxford Elsevier. Rasbash, D. (2004). Evaluation of Fire Safety. England John Wiley and Sons. Stollard, P. , Abrahams, J. (1999). Fire from First Principles A Design Guide to Building Fire Safety (3rd ed. ). London and New York Taylor Francis.